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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS Behav. 2018 Sep;22(9):3009–3023. doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2103-8

Table 2.

Factors associated with achieving retention-in-care (RIC) and viral suppression (VS) in Washington, DC 2014-2015.

Retention-in-care
N=3,623		 Viral suppression
N=2,658
Univariable Multivariable Univariable Multivariable
N (%) OR 95% CI aOR 95% CI N (%) OR 95% CI aOR 95% CI
Distance ≥5 miles
 No 3,173 (78.5) Ref Ref Ref Ref 2,421 (89.7) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Yes 450 (12.5) 0.52 0.44, 0.62 0.71 0.58, 0.86 237 (9.3) 0.76 0.59, 0.99 0.70 0.52, 0.94
Age as of June 2015
 Med (IQR) 50 (40-57) 1.02 1.02, 1.03 1.02 1.01, 1.03 49.4 (12.1) 1.02 1.01, 1.03 1.02 1.01, 1.03
Sex at birth (Female) 1,114 (30.7) 0.85 0.73, 0.99 0.83 0.65, 1.06 755 (29.5) 0.60 0.49, 0.72 0.95 0.73, 1.24
Race/ethnicity3
 Hispanic 151 (4.2) 2.01 1.31, 3.09 1.65 1.02, 2.67 114 (4.5) 0.40 0.21, 0.77 0.66 0.33, 1.31
 NH Black 2,978 (82.2) 1.72 1.39, 2.12 1.33 1.02, 1.74 2,137 (83.6) 0.26 0.16, 0.40 0.42 0.26, 0.71
 NH White 434 (12.0) Ref Ref Ref Ref 269 (10.5) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Other/Unknown 60 (1.7) 1.01 0.58, 1.77 1.18 0.62, 2.25 36 (1.4) 0.22 0.09, 0.52 0.58 0.15, 0.96
Housing
 Permanent 2,807 (77.5) Ref Ref Ref Ref 1,939 (75.9) Ref Ref NA NA
 Homeless/Temp 368 (10.2) 1.51 1.16, 1.97 0.82 0.60, 1.10 282 (11.0) 1.13 0.83, 1.52
 Other/Unknown 448 (12.4) 1.28 1.02, 1.62 1.02 0.79, 1.32 335 (13.1) 1.29 0.96, 1.72
Employment status4
 Employed 850 (23.5) Ref Ref Ref Ref 485 (19.0) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Unemployed 1,223 (33.8) 1.62 1.35, 1.95 0.63 0.49, 0.80 831 (32.5) 0.36 0.27, 0.47 0.58 0.42, 0.80
 Other 1,550 (42.8) 3.18 2.63, 3.84 1.14 0.89, 1.45 1,240 (48.5) 0.85 0.64, 1.13 1.35 0.98, 1.85
HIV Risk5
 MSM 1,762 (48.6) 1.09 0.92, 1.29 0.98 0.75, 1.28 1,228 (48.1) 1.89 1.53, 2.35 1.52 1.13, 2.04
 IDU 603 (16.6) 1.84 1.44, 2.34 1.27 0.96, 1.68 476 (18.6) 1.26 0.97, 1.64 1.23 0.93, 1.63
 Heterosexual 1,099 (30.3) Ref Ref Ref Ref 748 (29.3) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Other/unknown 159 (4.4) 0.85 0.59, 1.23 1.55 1.02, 2.35 101 (3.9) 1.07 0.68, 1.71 0.72 0.43, 1.21
Insurance type6
 Private 758 (20.9) Ref Ref Ref Ref 401 (15.7) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Public 2,674 (73.8) 3.01 2.54, 3.56 1.89 1.49, 2.38 2,022 (79.1) 0.50 0.37, 0.68 0.98 0.72, 1.33
 Other/Unknown 191 (5.3) 2.41 1.69, 3.43 1.15 0.76, 1.74 133 (5.2) 0.47 0.29, 0.77 0.98 0.60, 1.62
Clinic type
 Hospital 1,467 (40.5) Ref Ref Ref Ref 786 (30.8) Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Communitv 2.156 (59.5) 4.53 3.87, 5.30 2.72 2.16, 3.42 1.770 (69.3) 0.43 0.34, 0.54 0.44 0.32, 0.62
Primary care at site 2,788 (78.0) 5.01 4.23, 5.94 1.98 1.58, 2.48 2,178 (86.2) 0.39 0.28, 0.56 0.68 0.44, 1.05
History of AIDS 2,259 (62.4) 1.13 0.98, 1.32 NA NA 1,637 (64.1) 0.94 0.78, 1.14 NA NA

NOTE: NH=non-Hispanic; MSM = men who have sex with men; IDU = injection drug user; IQR = interquartile range. P-values were considered statistically significant at the 0.05 alpha level.

1

RIC was defined as evidence of ≥ 2 HIV-related clinical encounters and/or HIV-related labs ≥90 days apart in 12 months.

2

VS was defined as VL <200 copies/mL at last visit among those retained in care and prescribed antiretroviral therapy.

3

Other race groups include those of multiple race group and unknown.

4

Other includes retired, student, disabled, termination of student, unknown, and other.

5

MSM risk includes persons identified as having both MSM and IDU risk.

6

Primary insurance type was either public (Medicare, Medicaid, Ryan White/ADAP, or DC Alliance) or private (commercial payer).