Fig. 3.

Population structure of 244 Sichuan wheat accessions. a Hierarchical clustering based on Ward method with K-matrix indicated the 244 accessions could be divided into three clusters (cluster 1, cluster 2 and cluster 3). b Heat map of the IBS (identity by state) relative K-matrix. c The population structure of 244 accessions with Bayesian clustering analysis. Two colors stand for 2 different compositions. Different color area of each line represented different proportion of composition. The Sub-population 1 (SP1) mainly showed as green color. The Sub-population 2 (SP2) mainly showed as red color. d Heat map of IT and DS (IT, infection type; DS, disease severity) with BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction) values across six environments in the field. Blue to yellow to red lines show resistance to intermediate to susceptibility to stripe rust of the corresponding accessions. e Percentage memberships of accessions from two subpopulations based on Q-matrix. The landraces showed as blue color and cultivars showed as red color. The red dashed divided the K-matrix into three parts according the hierarchical clustering and the black dashed divided the items into two parts according the Bayesian clustering