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Collider effect for the illustration in a multiplicative scale for the effect of 24-h sodium dietary intake on systolic blood pressure, adjusted for age acting as a confounder and proteinuria acting as a collider, n = 1000. Crude model: unadjusted model. Adjusted model: adjusted for age acting as a confounder. Collider model: adjusted model including age and proteinuria acting as a collider.
