Table 1.
Participant Characteristics, Chest Radiograph Assessments, Abdominal Ultrasound Features, and Results of Rapid Tuberculosis Assays Among 377 Participants
| Participant Feature | Participants With Culture-Positive Tuberculosis From Any Site (201) | Participants Without Tuberculosis (Culture-Negative) (176) | P Value for Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participant Characteristic | |||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 35 (30–41) | 36 (30–42) | .322 |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 137 (68) | 112 (64) | .355 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 20 (18–24)a | 20 (18–25)b | .720 |
| CD4 (cells/mm3), median (IQR) | 61 (25–136) | 108 (39–230) | <.001 |
| Cough duration (days), median (IQR) | 14 (11–25)c | 14 (7–21)c | <.001 |
| Using ART, n (%) | 59 (29) | 61 (35) | .270 |
| Duration on ART (years), median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.6–4.0)c | 2.9 (0.7–5.9) | .013 |
| Chest Radiograph Assessment of Tuberculosisd | |||
| Unlikely, n (%) | 9 (6) | 25 (17) | .004 |
| Possible, n (%) | 65 (39) | 100 (67) | <.001 |
| Likely, n (%) | 91 (55) | 24 (16) | <.001 |
| Abdominal Ultrasound Feature | |||
| Lymph nodes present, n (%) | 105 (52) | 23 (13) | <.001 |
| Multiple lymph nodes, n (%) | 90 (45) | 13 (7) | <.001 |
| Long-axis lymph node length (mm), median (IQR) | 21 (13–27)e | 14 (9–22)c | .073 |
| Long-axis lymph node length ≥10 mm, n (%) | 85 (45)e | 14 (8)c | <.001 |
| Splenic hypoechoic lesions, n (%) | 113 (56) | 25 (14) | <.001 |
| Splenic enlargement ≥100 mm, n (%) | 47 (23) | 20 (11) | .002 |
| Ascites, n (%) | 38 (19) | 13 (7) | .001 |
| Pleural effusion, n (%) | 45 (22) | 18 (10) | .002 |
| Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 43 (21) | 15 (9) | .001 |
| Rapid Tuberculosis Assay | |||
| Xpert MTB/RIF positive/done, n/N (%) | 172/191 (90) | 8/173 (5) | — |
| Urinary LAM positive/done, n/N (%) | 48/121 (40) | 10/108 (9) | — |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; LAM, lipoarabinomannan.
aSix values missing.
bFive values missing.
cOne value missing.
dSixty-three values missing (36 values missing among culture-positive tuberculosis and 27 values missing among culture-negative tuberculosis).
eTen values missing.