Table 1.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 208 HIV-1 Seropositive Indonesian Subjects, Recruited in 2007, in Jakarta, Indonesiaa
| Characteristics | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 155 (74.5)b | 53 (25.5)b | 208 (100) |
| Age group (years) | |||
| <16 | 3 (1.9) | 1 (1.9) | 4 (1.9) |
| 16–30 | 98 (63.2) | 37 (69.8) | 135 (64.9) |
| 31–45 | 48 (31.0) | 12 (22.6) | 60 (28.8) |
| >45 | 6 (3.9) | 3 (5.7) | 9 (4.3) |
| Risk factors | |||
| IDU | 91 (58.7) | 4 (7.5) | 95 (45.7) |
| Heterosexual | 30 (19.4) | 41 (77.4) | 71 (34.1) |
| Mix | 21 (13.4) | 6 (11.3) | 27 (13.0) |
| MSM | 4 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.9) |
| MTCT | 3 (1.9) | 1 (1.9) | 4 (1.9) |
| Tattoo | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.4) |
| Transfusion | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.0) |
| Unknown | 1 (0.6) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (1.0) |
| Ethnics | |||
| Javanese | 35 (22.6) | 16 (30.2) | 51 (24.5) |
| Betawi | 40 (25.8) | 8 (15.1) | 48 (23.1) |
| Chinese | 25 (16.1) | 6 (11.3) | 31 (14.9) |
| Sundanese | 21 (13.5) | 7 (13.2) | 28 (13.5) |
| Manado | 8 (5.2) | 6 (11.3) | 14 (6.8) |
| Batak | 10 (6.5) | 1 (1.9) | 11 (5.3) |
| Minang | 7 (4.5) | 3 (5.7) | 10 (4.8) |
| Ambon | 4 (2.6) | 2 (3.8) | 6 (2.9) |
| Bali | 1 (0.6) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (1.0) |
| Dayak | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.0) |
| Others | 2 (1.3) | 3 (5.7) | 5 (2.5) |
| Education | |||
| Uneducated | 4 (2.6) | 1 (1.9) | 5 (2.4) |
| Primary school | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) |
| Secondary school | 12 (7.7) | 1 (1.9) | 13 (6.2) |
| High school | 113 (72.9) | 41 (77.4) | 154 (74.0) |
| Professional school | 1 (0.6) | 3 (5.7) | 4 (1.9) |
| University | 23 (14.8) | 7 (13.2) | 30 (14.4) |
| Graduate school | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) |
| Hospital | |||
| Private | 26 (16.8) | 11 (20.8) | 37 (17.8) |
| Public | 129 (83.2) | 42 (79.2) | 171 (82.2) |
| Treatment status | |||
| ARV naive | 56 (36.1) | 32 (60.4) | 88 (42.3) |
| ARV treated | 99 (63.9) | 21 (39.6) | 120 (57.7) |
| CD4 count at enrollment (cells/mm3) | |||
| <200 | 91 (58.7) | 26 (49.1) | 117 (56.2) |
| 201–500 | 51 (32.9) | 19 (35.8) | 70 (33.7) |
| >500 | 13 (8.4) | 8 (15.1) | 21 (10.1) |
| Initial disease stagec | |||
| AIDS | 133 (85.8) | 29 (54.7) | 162 (77.9) |
| ARC | 16 (10.3) | 8 (15.1) | 24 (11.5) |
| HIV | 6 (3.9) | 16 (30.2) | 22 (10.6) |
| History of opportunistic infection | |||
| Tuberculosis | 106 (68.4) | 19 (35.8) | 125 (60.1) |
| Oropharyngeal candidiasis | 94 (60.6) | 19 (35.8) | 113 (54.3) |
| Chronic diarrhea | 76 (49.0) | 13 (24.5) | 89 (42.8) |
| Toxoplasmosis | 33 (21.3) | 4 (7.5) | 37 (17.8) |
| Cytomegalovirus infection | 26 (16.8) | 3 (5.7) | 29 (13.9) |
a
IDU, injecting drug use; mix, subjects with both IDU and heterosexual risk factors; MSM, male having sex with male; MTCT, mother-to-child transmission; Transfusion, blood transfusion; ARV, antiretroviral; ARC, AIDS-related complex.
b
Percentage from total number of subjects (n = 208). Other percentage are from each column group (female and male groups).
c
Initial disease stage is subject's infection stage at the time of HIV diagnosis.