Intervention group at baseline	Control group at baseline	Control group at earliest follow‐up
Median pain score 70.9/100 (based on 7 studies, n = 382; Bidonde 2014)	WOMAC 9.1/20 (2 studies, n = 380) VAS ˜ 55/100 (3 studies, n = 117) HAQ 1.05/3 (1 study, n = 249) (Bartels 2007)	Mean pain score ˜ 29/100 (9 studies, n = 549; Fransen 2014)
11.05 to 22.6 on a 0 to 150 WUSPI score (1 study, n = 35; Boldt 2014)	VAS 35/100 to 61/100 (4 studies, n = 204; Busch 2007)	44/100 (44 studies, n = 3537; Fransen 2015)
Mean pain score 46/100 (95% CI 41 to 50) (8 studies, n = 370; Hayden 2005)	‐	40/100 to 60/100 (2 studies, n = 147; Gross 2015a)
‐	‐	44/100 SD 24 (1 study, n = 55; Koopman 2015)
‐	‐	range 25/100 to 56/100 (4 studies, n = 291; Saragiotto 2016)
‐	‐	2.1/10 to 6.0/10 (2 studies, n = 41; van der Heijden 2015)
‐	‐	range 18/100 to 52/100 (6 studies, n = 148; Yamato 2015)
Range: 46 to 70.9 on a 0 to 100 scale 16 studies, n = 787	Range: 35 to 55 on a 0 to 100 scale 10 studies, n = 950	Range: 18 to 60 on a 0 to 100 scale 68 studies, n = 4768
CI: confidence interval; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; n: number of participants; SD: standard deviation; VAS: visual analogue score; WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; WUSPI: Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index. HAQ: mean of different category scores, 0 or 1 (mild to moderate disability), up to 2 or 3 (severe to very severe disability); WOMAC pain score: 5 items summed to 0 (no pain) to 20 (worst pain ever); WUSPI: 15 items of 0 to 10 VAS scores, summed to form total of 0 (no pain) to 150 (worst pain ever).