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. 2019 Mar 13;37(4):609–620. doi: 10.1007/s40273-019-00789-2

Table 4.

Discriminative power: t tests comparing the mean scores of child outcomes (PedsQL™, HUI-3, Vineland-II, CBCL) for domain responses on caregiver preference-weighted instruments, n = 224

Caregiver quality of life measures n (%)a Child outcomes [mean (SD)]
PedsQL™ b HUI-3b Vineland-IIb CBCLb
SF-6D domains
 Physical functioning 
  No problems 193 (87) 64.2 (15.6)* 0.664 (0.24) 68.6 (11.5) 63.3 (9.3)
  At least some problems 28 (13) 55.3 (15.5)* 0.616 (0.20) 66.8 (7.9) 67.2 (9.6)
 Role limitations 
  No limitations 112 (51) 66.5 (16.4)* 0.699 (0.20)* 70.4 (10.9)* 62.3 (10.0)*
  At least some limitations 106 (49) 59.6 (14.6)* 0.613 (0.26)* 66.2 (11.3)* 65.3 (8.7)*
 Social functioning 
  No problems 91 (42) 67.3 (16.1)* 0.691 (0.23) 68.9 (11.4) 61.4 (9.7)*
  At least some problems 128 (58) 59.8 (14.7)* 0.632 (0.24) 68.0 (11.1) 65.8 (8.8)*
 Pain 
  No pain 109 (50) 66.9 (16.4)* 0.693 (0.23)* 69.4 (11.2) 62.2 (9.6)*
  At least some pain 111 (50) 59.3 (14.3)* 0.621 (0.24)* 67.4 (11.1) 65.5 (9.07)*
 Mental health 
  No problems 35 (16) 69.8 (13.4)* 0.754 (0.18)* 69.5 (9.8) 59.3 (9.5)*
  At least some problems 183 (84) 61.7 (15.8)* 0.641 (0.24)* 68.2 (11.5) 64.6 (9.2)*
 Vitality 
  No or some problems 76 (35) 69.4 (15.6)* 0.697 (0.23) 69.6 (12.1) 59.4 (10.4)*
  Moderate or severe problems 143 (65) 60.0 (14.8)* 0.636 (0.23) 67.7 (10.7) 66.1 (8.0)*
EQ-5D-3L domains
 Mobility 
  No problems 205 (93) 63.2 (15.6) 0.657 (0.24) 68.3 (11.3) 63.7 (9.6)
  At least some problems 15 (7) 61.0 (16.8) 0.666 (0.18) 68.9 (10.0) 64.3 (7.8)
 Self-care 
  No problems 215 (98) 63.0 (15.5) 0.657 (0.24) 68.3 (11.2) 63.9 (9.4)
  At least some problems 5 (2) 63.0 (25.4) 0.701 (0.16) 75.0 (14.0) 59.0 (12.1)
 Usual activities 
  No problems 184 (84) 64.3 (15.7)* 0.673 (0.23)* 68.7 (11.3) 63.5 (9.4)
  At least some problems 36 (16) 55.8 (14.1)* 0.581 (0.24)* 66.7 (10.8) 65.7 (9.5)
 Pain/discomfort 
  No problems 121 (55) 64.5 (15.8) 0.670 (0.24) 68.6 (11.2) 63.7 (10.1)
  At least some problems 99 (45) 61.3 (15.4) 0.643 (0.23) 67.9 (11.2) 63.9 (8.7)
 Anxiety/depression 
  No problems 107 (49) 66.3 (16.1)* 0.718 (0.21)* 70.0 (11.3) 61.4 (10.3)*
  At least some problems 112 (51) 59.5 (14.5)* 0.601 (0.25)* 66.8 (10.9) 66.1 (7.9)*

Higher scores on the CBCL indicate worse problems; higher scores on the PedsQL™, HUI-3, and Vineland-II indicate better functioning/health

CBCL Child Behavior Checklist, EQ-5D-3L three-level EuroQoL-5 Dimension, HUI-3 Health Utilities Index Mark 3, PedsQL™ Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™, SF-6D Short Form-6 Dimension, Vineland-II Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Second Edition

*p < 0.05 using a Bonferroni correction factor such that groups with two, three, or four levels must exhibit a p value of 0.0500, 0.0167, and 0.0083, respectively

an values may not total to 224 due to missing responses

bCaregiver-reported child measure