Table 2.
The type of organisms, their mode of feeding and mean observed number on each of 60 Solanum dulcamara plants during each of 19 weeks of common garden observations in 2016. The maximum number observed on all plants at one census date is given in brackets
| Common name | Species | Order, Family | Feeding type | Mean n individuals / plant / week |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Specialist herbivores | ||||
| Bittersweet leaf miner moth | Acrolepia autumnitella | Lepidoptera, Glyphipterigidae | Leaf mining | 0.206 (41) |
| Nightshade gall midge | Contarinia solani | Diptera, Cecidomyiidae | Gall-mining larvae in flowers | 0.522 (205) |
| Nightshade flea beetle | Epitrix pubescens | Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae | Leaf chewing | 0.375 (69) |
| Colorado potato beetle | Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae | Leaf chewing | 0.004 (2) |
| Bittersweet sap beetle | Pria dulcamarae | Coleoptera, Nitidulidae | Adults on pollen, larvae in flower anthers | 0.133 (26) |
| Potato flea beetle | Psylliodes affinis | Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae | Leaf chewing | 1.019 (125) |
| Bittersweet flea beetle | Psylliodes dulcamarae | Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae | Leaf chewing | 0.044 (10) |
| B. Other herbivores | ||||
| Scarlet lily beetle | Lilioceris lilii | Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae | Leaf chewing | 0.006 (3) |
| Cicadas* | Hemiptera | Cell sucking | 0.037 (8) | |
| Heteropteran bugs | Hemiptera | Cell sucking | 0.125 (23) | |
| Aphids** | Hemiptera, Aphididae | Sap sucking | NA | |
| Jumping plant lice*** | Hemiptera, Psyllidae/Triozidae | Sap sucking | NA | |
| Lepidopteran larvae**** | Lepidoptera | Leaf chewing | 0.005 (4) | |
| Typical snails | Pulmonata, Helicidae | Leaf chewing | 0.023 (6) | |
| C. Third trophic level | ||||
| Ladybirds | Coleoptera, Coccinellidae | Predator | 0.014 (10) | |
| Hoverflies | Diptera, Syrphidae | Predator | 0.006 (3) | |
| Ants | Hymenoptera, Formicidae | Predator | 0.010 (5) | |
| Common parasitoids | Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae | Predator | 0.118 (20) | |
| Green lacewings | Neuroptera, Chrysopidae | Predator | 0.004 (1) | |
| Red velvet mite | Trombidiformes, Trombidiidae | Predator | 0.166 (51) | |
*Early season significant number of meadow spittlebugs (Philaenus spumarius)
**Not recorded in absolute numbers, but instead as being present or absent, only abundant in start of season
***Possibly the potato specialist (Bactericera cockerelli) is among these, only noticed in last weeks of observations
****Fair number supposedly belonging to family of leafroller moths (Tortricidae)