Table 1.

Mifepristone effects on ACTH and corticosterone in rodents

Drug	Dose	Mode of administration	Outcome	Reference
Mifepristone	25 mg/kg rat	s.c. morning	No change in basal corticosterone for 4 h	Ratka et al. (1989)
Mifepristone	25 mg/kg rat	s.c. 60 min prior to stressor	Blunted peak and prolonged secretion of stress-induced corticosterone	Ratka et al. (1989)
Mifepristone	100 ng/rat	i.c.v. morning	No change in basal corticosterone for 4 h	Ratka et al. (1989)
Mifepristone	100 ng/rat	i.c.v. 15 min prior to stressor	Blunted peak and prolonged secretion of stress-induced corticosterone	Ratka et al. (1989)
Mifepristone	1, 3, 5, 10, 30, and 100 ng/rat	i.c.v. immediate after initial swim test	Doses ≥ 10 ng disinhibited HPA axis & interfered with retention immobility	de Kloet et al. (1988)
Mifepristone	100 ng infusion/rat	100 ng/h/for 3 days	Increased peak and decreased basal corticosterone levels	Van Haarst et al. (1996)
Mifepristone	100 ng/ rat	i.c.v	Increased basal ACTH and corticosterone levels at 1 h	Van Haarst et al. (1997)
Mifepristone	5 ng/ rat	bilateral dorsal hippocampus	Decreased basal ACTH and corticosterone levels at 1 h	Van Haarst et al. (1997)
Mifepristone	200 mg/ kg C57 mouse	orally via oats	Increased basal and stress-induced corticosterone	Dalm et al. (2008)
Mifepristone	30 mg/kg rat	s.c., 2 weeks daily	Suppressed basal and stress-induced HPA-axis activity, thymus weight reduced	Havel et al. (1996)
Mifepristone	10 mg/kg rat	s.c. 5 days, daily, 90 min after last injection	Suppressed basal and stress-induced HPA-axis activity	Wulsin et al. (2010)
C-108297, GR modulator	30 and 60 mg/kg rat	s.c. 5 days, daily, 90 min after last injection	Suppressed basal and stress-induced HPA-axis activity	Solomon et al. (2014)
C-118335 GR modulator/MR antagonist	30 and 60 mg/kg rat	s.c. 5 days, daily, 90 min after last injection	Suppressed basal and stress-induced HPA-axis activity	Nguyen et al. (2017), Nguyen et al. (2018)
Mifepristone	60 mg/kg C57 mouse, high-fat diet	orally, daily for 3 weeks in chow	Decreased basal am and pm (trend) corticosterone levels, decreased adrenal & thymus weight	van den Heuvel et al. (2016), Kroon et al. (2018)
C-108297, GR modulator	80 mg/ kg C57 mouse, high-fat diet	orally, daily for 3 weeks in chow	Decreased basal am and pm corticosterone level, decreased adrenal and thymus weight	van den Heuvel et al. (2016)
C-125281, selective GR antagonist	60 mg/ kg C57 mouse, high-fat diet	orally, daily for 3 weeks in chow	Restores high-fat disturbed HPA-axis activity, no effect on thymus and adrenals	Kroon et al. (2018)
Mifepristone	200 mg/ kg DBA mouse	oral infusion daily for 5 days, 2.5 h before amphetamine	Suppressed basal and amphetamine-induced corticosterone secretion	van der Veen et al. (2013)
Mifepristone	200 mg/kg mouse	oral infusion, twice a day for 4 days	Increased diabetes-induced ACTH and corticosterone levels, also in controls	Revsin et al. (2009)
Mifepristone	600 mg per human, male or female	daily for 8 days	Increased basal am and pm ACTH and cortisol, steeper slopes	Flores et al. (2006)
Mifepristone	600 mg/human (n = 5) vs control	daily for 5 days, chronic insomnia	2 weeks post-treatment. Decreased cortisol and ACTH/cortisol ratio 18.00–23.00 h; Increased ACTH and cortisol 23.00–7.00 h	Buckley et al. (2008)
Mifepristone	1200 mg/human, treatment effects on psychotic depression	daily for 7 days, measurement on day 7, 14, 28, 56	Basal ACTH and cortisol elevated at day 7 and 14 (n = 837, MIF). Strongest association of MIF with clinical efficacy beyond ACTH and cortisol	Block et al. (2017), Block et al. (2018)
MR antagonist	100 ng	i.c.v. and s.c	Increased basal and stress-induced corticosterone	Ratka et al. (1989)
MR antagonist	100 ng & 5 ng	i.c.v. & bilaterally dorsal hippocampus	Increased basal ACTH and corticosterone during both conditions	Van Haarst et al. (1997)