TABLE 17.
Univariate Associations Between Demographic, Behavioral, Ocular, and Genetic Factors and Visual Acuity Loss in the Derivation Cohort.
| VA Loss ≤ 15 lettersa n=1650 |
VA Loss < 15 letters n=3620 |
P valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age (years) | |||
| ≤ 75 | 893 (54.1) | 1275 (35.2) | <.0001 |
| 65 to 74 | 724 (43.9) | 2261 (62.5) | |
| 55 to 64 | 33 (2.0) | 84 (2.3) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 715 (43.3) | 1612 (44.5) | 0.54 |
| Female | 935 (56.7) | 2008 (55.5) | |
| Race | |||
| Caucasian | 1621 (98.2) | 3467 (95.8) | <.0001 |
| Non-caucasian | 29 (1.8) | 153 (4.2) | |
| Behavioral | |||
| Education | |||
| ≤ High school | 628 (38.1) | 1132 (31.3) | <.0001 |
| > High school | 1022 (61.9) | 2488 (68.7) | |
| Body mass index | |||
| < 25 | 481 (29.2) | 1244 (34.4) | 0.0001 |
| 25 to 29.9 | 716 (43.4) | 1537 (42.5) | |
| ≥ 30 | 453 (27.5) | 839 (23.2) | |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 688 (41.7) | 1782 (49.2) | <.0001 |
| Past | 825 (50.0) | 1655 (45.7) | |
| Current | 137 (8.3) | 183 (5.1) | |
| Ocular | |||
| Baseline AMD grade | |||
| 1 | 258 (15.6) | 1624 (44.9) | <.0001 |
| 2 | 256 (15.5) | 958 (26.5) | |
| 3 | 903 (54.7) | 928 (25.6) | |
| 4 | 79 (4.8) | 16 (0.4) | |
| 5 | 134 (8.1) | 69 (1.9) | |
| Genetic loci | |||
| Complement pathway | |||
| CFH Y402H: rs1061170 | |||
| TT | 375 (22.7) | 1237 (34.2) | <.0001 |
| CT | 755 (45.8 ) | 1630 (45.0) | |
| CC | 520 (31.5) | 753 (20.8) | |
| CFH: rs1410996 | |||
| TT | 120 (7.3) | 570 (15.7) | <.0001 |
| CT | 577 (35.0) | 1574 (43.5) | |
| CC | 953 (57.8) | 1476 (40.8) | |
| CFH R1210C: rs121913059 | |||
| CC | 1634 (99.0) | 3609 (99.7) | 0.02 |
| CT | 16 (1.0) | 11 (0.3) | |
| C2 E318D: rs9332739 | |||
| GG | 1563 (94.7) | 3342 (92.3) | 0.007 |
| CG/CC | 87 (5.3) | 278 (7.7) | |
| CFB R32Q: rs641153 | |||
| CC | 1460 (88.5) | 3065 (84.7) | 0.001 |
| TC/TT | 190 (11.5) | 55 (15.3) | |
| CFI: rs10033900 | |||
| CC | 398 (24.1) | 926 (25.6) | 0.25 |
| CT | 810 (49.1) | 1179 (49.1) | |
| TT | 442 (26.8) | 915 (25.3) | |
| C3 R102G: rs2230199 | |||
| CC | 846 (51.3) | 2228 (61.5) | <.0001 |
| CG | 670 (40.6) | 1224 (33.8) | |
| GG | 134 (8.1) | 168 (4.6) | |
| C3 K155Q: rs147859257 | |||
| TT | 1596 (96.7) | 3566 (98.5) | 0.0001 |
| GT | 54 (3.3) | 54 (1.5) | |
| C9 P167S: rs34882957 | |||
| GG | 1605 (97.3) | 3545 (97.9) | 0.16 |
| AG | 45 (2.7) | 75 (2.1) | |
| CFH N1050Y: rs35274867 | |||
| AA | 1627 (98.6) | 3518 (97.2) | 0.007 |
| TA | 23 (1.4) | 98 (2.7) | |
| TT | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.1) | |
| Angiogenesis pathway | |||
| VEGFA: rs943080 | |||
| CC | 330 (20.0) | 851 (23.5) | 0.02 |
| CT | 846 (51.3) | 1813 (50.1) | |
| TT | 474 (28.7) | 956 (26.4) | |
| TGFBR1: rs334353 | |||
| TT | 993 (60.2) | 2062 (57.0) | 0.08 |
| GT | 559 (33.9) | 1332 (36.8) | |
| GG | 98 (5.9) | 226 (6.2) | |
| Lipid pathway | |||
| LIPC: rs10468017 | |||
| CC | 878 (53.2) | 1889 (52.2) | 0.37 |
| TC | 666 (40.4) | 1464 (40.4) | |
| TT | 106 (6.4) | 267 (7.4) | |
| ABCA1: rs1883025 | |||
| CC | 919 (55.7) | 2015 (55.7) | 0.76 |
| TC | 636 (38.5) | 1377 (38.0) | |
| TT | 95 (5.8) | 228 (6.3) | |
| CETP: rs3764261 | |||
| CC | 685 (41.5) | 1615 (44.6) | 0.07 |
| AC | 770 (46.7) | 1606 (44.4) | |
| AA | 195 (11.8) | 399 (11.0) | |
| APOC1/APOE: rs4420638 | |||
| AA | 1196 (72.5) | 2853 (78.8) | 0.43 |
| GA | 454 (27.5) | 1037 (28.6) | |
| APOH: rs1801689 | |||
| AA | 1546 (93.7) | 3385 (93.5) | 0.72 |
| AC | 104 (6.3) | 233 (6.4) | |
| CC | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | |
| Immune/inflammatory pathway | |||
| ARMS2/HTRA1: rs10490924 | |||
| GG | 612 (37.1) | 2068 (57.1) | <.0001 |
| TG | 753 (45.6) | 1283 (35.4) | |
| TT | 285 (17.3) | 269 (7.4) | |
| PELI3: rs145732233 | |||
| CC | 1640 (99.4) | 3591 (99.2) | 0.43 |
| TC | 10 (0.6) | 29 (0.8) | |
| TNFRSF10A: rs13278062 | |||
| TT | 477 (28.9) | 979 (27.0) | 0.5 |
| GT | 808 (49.0) | 1847 (51.0) | |
| GG | 365 (22.1) | 794 (21.9) | |
| SLC16A8: rs8135665 | |||
| CC | 1022 (61.9) | 2310 (63.8) | 0.11 |
| TC | 544 (33.0) | 1167 (32.2) | |
| TT | 84 (5.1) | 143 (4.0) | |
| PILRB/PILRA: rs11769700 | |||
| TT | 1038 (62.9) | 2279 (63.0) | 0.89 |
| CT | 554 (33.6) | 1201 (33.2) | |
| CC | 58 (3.5) | 140 (3.9) | |
| TMEM97/VTN: rs704 | |||
| AA | 381 (23.1) | 873 (24.1) | 0.74 |
| AG | 823 (49.9) | 1760 (48.6) | |
| GG | 446 (27.0) | 987 (27.3) | |
| Extracellular matrix | |||
| COL8A1: rs13095226 | |||
| TT | 1305 (79.1) | 2940 (81.2) | 0.1 |
| CT | 324 (19.6) | 639 (17.7) | |
| CC | 21 (1.3) | 41 (1.1) | |
| COL4A3: rs11884770 | |||
| CC | 917 (55.6) | 1914 (52.9) | 0.05 |
| TC | 630 (382) | 1414 (39.1) | |
| TT | 103 (6.2) | 292 (8.1) | |
| CTRB1: rs8056814 | |||
| GG | 1420 (86.1) | 2952 (81.5) | 0.0004 |
| AG | 221 (13.4) | 625 (17.3) | |
| AA | 9 (0.5) | 43 (1.2) | |
| ADAMTS9: rs6795735 | |||
| CC | 510 (30.9) | 1062 (29.3) | 0.85 |
| TC | 770 (46.7) | 1783 (49.3) | |
| TT | 370 (22.4) | 775 (21.4) | |
| TIMP3: rs9621532 | |||
| AA | 1512 (91.6) | 3250 (89.8) | 0.04 |
| CA/CC | 138 (8.4) | 370 (10.2) | |
| DNA binding/protein repair | |||
| RAD51B: rs8017304 | |||
| AA | 727 (44.1) | 1453 (40.1) | 0.001 |
| GA | 756 (45.8) | 1642 (45.4) | |
| GG | 167 (10.1) | 525 (14.5) | |
| NPLOC4/TSPAN10: rs9895741 | |||
| GG | 683 (41.4) | 1506 (41.6) | 0.95 |
| AG | 741 (44.9) | 1611 (44.5) | |
| AA | 226 (13.7) | 503 (13.9) | |
| HSPH1/B3GALTL: rs9542236 | |||
| TT | 480 (29.1) | 1226 (33.9) | 0.005 |
| CT | 834 (50.5) | 1732 (47.8) |
AMD = age-related macular degeneration; VA = visual acuity.
a
Sample sizes for each genetic variable may not be equal to the overall sample size. Some participants do not have genetic information available for all genetic loci evaluated.
b
P values calculated using Generalized Estimating Equations in order to account for inter-correlation in eye-specific analyses.