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. 2019 Apr 17;14(4):e0214516. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214516

Fig 7. A diagrammatic illustration of the mechanism by which sperm activate TLR2/4 signaling pathway in BEECs in vitro.

Fig 7

The proposed working model showing that stimulation of BEECs with sperm activates MAPKs components (p38MAPK and JNK; solid lines) without any effect on other downstream targets of TLR2/4 signaling pathways (ERK1/2, NFKB or IRF3; dotted line) down to the nuclear translocation of AP-1 protein which in turn regulates the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes in BEECs. “?” refers to unknown endogenous ligand(s) which may link sperm to TLR2/4 signaling pathway in BEECs.