Table 4. Regression coefficient estimates for associations of environmental complexity and space allowance with welfare problems detected by transect sampling, and production outcomes.
| Variable | Environmental complexity1 | Residuals of space allowance2 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SE | Lower 95% CL | Upper 95% CL | F3 | P | Mean | SE | Lower 95% CL | Upper 95% CL | F3 | P | |
| On-farm welfare assessment indicators | ||||||||||||
| Walking difficulties | -0.09 | 0.04 | -0.18 | -0.01 | 4.50 | 0.055 | -57.95 | 11.09 | -82.11 | -33.79 | 27.31 | <0.001 |
| Illness | -0.04 | 0.08 | -0.20 | 0.13 | 0.24 | 0.632 | 5.77 | 19.48 | -36.66 | 48.21 | 0.09 | 0.772 |
| Skin wounds | -0.26 | 0.08 | -0.43 | -0.10 | 12.46 | 0.004 | -31.27 | 20.41 | -75.73 | 13.19 | 2.35 | 0.151 |
| Small | -0.09 | 0.07 | -0.23 | 0.05 | 1.94 | 0.189 | 34.11 | 17.25 | -3.49 | 71.70 | 3.91 | 0.072 |
| Welfare problems index | -0.12 | 0.03 | -0.19 | -0.06 | 16.29 | 0.002 | -26.79 | 7.93 | -44.07 | -9.51 | 11.41 | 0.006 |
| Litter score | -0.09 | 0.05 | -0.20 | 0.03 | 2.62 | 0.131 | 3.16 | 14.32 | -28.03 | 34.35 | 0.05 | 0.829 |
| Production outcomes | ||||||||||||
| Mortality | -0.05 | 0.01 | -0.06 | -0.03 | 35.81 | <0.001 | 1.09 | 1.91 | -3.03 | 5.21 | 0.33 | 0.577 |
| Rejection due to perosis | -0.19 | 0.15 | -0.52 | 0.14 | 1.48 | 0.245 | -56.67 | 38.87 | -140.63 | 27.30 | 2.13 | 0.169 |
| Rejection due to illness | 0.03 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.06 | 4.45 | 0.055 | -2.92 | 3.50 | -10.47 | 4.64 | 0.70 | 0.419 |
| Rejection due to wounds | -0.35 | 0.04 | -0.44 | -0.27 | 88.99 | <0.001 | -78.88 | 13.51 | -108.05 | -49.70 | 34.11 | <0.001 |
| Rejection because underweight | -0.16 | 0.04 | -0.25 | -0.07 | 15.08 | 0.002 | 17.49 | 9.83 | -3.74 | 38.72 | 3.17 | 0.099 |
| Total rejections | -0.06 | 0.01 | -0.08 | -0.04 | 29.35 | <0.001 | -1.28 | 2.96 | -7.66 | 5.11 | 0.19 | 0.673 |
| Footpad score (binary) | 0.10 | 0.34 | -0.64 | 0.84 | 0.09 | 0.774 | 121.44 | 92.39 | -78.15 | 321.03 | 1.73 | 0.211 |
| Growth rate | -0.01 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0.01 | 2.17 | 0.164 | 4.89 | 1.50 | 1.65 | 8.12 | 10.63 | 0.006 |
| Feed conversion | <0.01 | 0.01 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.927 | -1.64 | 1.45 | -4.78 | 1.50 | 1.27 | 0.280 |
| Production index | -0.01 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0.01 | 0.46 | 0.511 | 4.68 | 1.85 | 0.68 | 8.67 | 6.40 | 0.025 |
1Number of environmental enrichment types (boxes, peat, wood shavings bales) provided (0–3).
2Residuals of space allowance (m2/bird) regressed on environmental complexity.