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. 2018 Jan 27;72(2):493–502. doi: 10.1007/s11418-018-1174-1

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© The Author(s) 2018, corrected publication 2019

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 5 — The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and COX enzymes in the rat colon after treatment. Kanzo (K), Daio (D), or DKT was administered orally to rats once (A) or for 7 days (B), and the colon was collected 5 h after the last treatment. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-1, and COX-2 was analyzed using real-time PCR. The results were normalized to those of β-actin, which were indexed by setting the mean value in the control group to 100% (mean ± SD; n = 5; Tukey’s test: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs Cont.)