Table 2.

Correlation of Height and BMI SDs With Disease Manifestations

NMDAS Question	Height SD				BMI SD
	r	95% CI	P	n	r	95% CI	P	n
Psychiatric involvement	−0.10	−0.19 to −0.02	0.016	545	−0.06	−0.15 to 0.03	0.193	447
Cerebellar ataxia	−0.20	−0.28 to −0.11	<0.001a	536	−0.06	−0.15 to 0.04	0.238	442
Migraine	−0.10	−0.18 to −0.01	0.026	545	−0.10	−0.19 to 0.00	0.039	447
Cognition	−0.28	−0.36 to −0.20	<0.001a	515	−0.13	−0.22 to −0.04	0.007	426
Neuropathy	−0.01	−0.10 to 0.07	0.785	538	0.07	−0.02 to 0.16	0.128	443
Dysphonia or dysarthria	−0.13	−0.22 to −0.05	0.002	539	−0.16	−0.25 to −0.07	0.001a	442
Seizures	−0.08	−0.16 to 0.00	0.065	545	−0.21	−0.30 to −0.12	<0.001a	447
Encephalopathy	−0.09	−0.18 to −0.01	0.031	545	−0.22	−0.31 to −0.13	<0.001a	447
Strokelike episodes	−0.10	−0.18 to −0.01	0.025	545	−0.22	−0.31 to −0.13	<0.001a	447
Pyramidal	−0.19	−0.27 to −0.11	<0.001a	537	−0.11	−0.20 to −0.02	0.017	443
Extrapyramidal	−0.13	−0.21 to −0.05	0.002	537	−0.02	−0.12 to 0.07	0.604	443
Visual acuity	−0.12	−0.21 to −0.04	0.005	529	0.09	0.00 to 0.19	0.049	435
Ptosis	−0.01	−0.10 to 0.07	0.747	539	0.08	−0.01 to 0.18	0.075	443
CPEO	0.02	−0.07 to 0.10	0.701	540	0.05	−0.04 to 0.14	0.288	443
Hearing impairment	−0.24	−0.32 to −0.16	<0.001a	545	−0.17	−0.26 to −0.08	<0.001a	447
Gastrointestinal disturbance	−0.17	−0.25 to −0.08	<0.001a	545	−0.17	−0.26 to −0.08	<0.001a	447
Myopathy	−0.07	−0.15 to 0.02	0.119	540	−0.10	−0.19 to −0.01	0.031	443
Diabetes	−0.19	−0.27 to −0.10	<0.001a	545	0.02	−0.07 to 0.11	0.649	447
Cardiovascular involvement	−0.21	−0.29 to −0.12	<0.001a	495	−0.07	−0.16 to 0.03	0.170	414

Pearson correlations of height SD and BMI SD with comorbidities as defined by individual NMDAS questions. Estimated Pearson correlation coefficients and uncorrected P values are shown. The Bonferroni corrected threshold of significance for correlations is 0.001 because 38 independent tests were performed. Disease manifestations represent answers to questions from sections II and III of the NMDAS assessment, because these are physician assessed and therefore more likely to be objective. Hearing impairment from section I was included, because this is the only assessment of this common mitochondrial disease manifestation within the NMDAS.

^aSignificant results.