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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 17.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Chem Neurosci. 2019 Feb 20;10(4):2070–2079. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00033

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Glutamate and ionomycin also stimulate ATP release from astrocytes. For example, the signal increase observed for glutamate, and ionomycin stimulation (t=0) are ~14% and ~12%, respectively. This change in signal is contrasted to the lack of signal change observed without the addition of stimulus (as also shown in Figure 3). (Right) The incorporation of ionomycin to cell culture media results in a faster rise time in extracellular ATP compared to glutamate and Ca2+. All raw data (light grey) were adjacently averaged to n=5. Individual experiments were carried out stimulating 0.7 × 105 astrocyte cells/mL on top of individual E-AB sensors.