Table 1. Changes in cytokine/chemokine levels on a LUMINEX assay in pancreatic lysates of F3 adult male offspring.
Data are normalized to total protein concentration as pg of cytokine or chemokine per μg of total protein, and presented as mean (SEM). P values are from Dunnett’s test performed on log-transformed data, where required (IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL13, IL-15, IP-10, IFN-γ, G-CSF, MIP-2). N= 4 litters per group. Information in columns 7, 8, and 9 is derived from (72–77).
| Cytokines/Chemokines | Control pg/μg | LowerB pg/μg | UpperB pg/μg | LowerB vs Control (p value) |
UpperB vs Control (p value) |
Inflammatory action | Produced By | Target cell/Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1β | 0.001 (0.0002) |
0.0003 (0.0002) |
0.0003 (0.0002) |
0.01 | 0.01 | pro | Activated Macrophages | Cells with IL-1β receptor |
| IL-12p70 | 0.0004 (0.0001) |
0.0002 (0.0001) |
0.0001 (0.0001) |
0.28 | 0.01 | pro | Macrophages, Dendritic cells, neutrophils | Naive T cells → Th1, Natural killer cells |
| IL-12p40 | 0.001 (0.0004) |
0.001 (0.0004) |
0.0007 (0.0004) |
0.95 | 0.60 | pro/anti | Macrophages, Dendritic cells | IL-12p70 antagonist |
| IL-4 | 0.0001 (0.00003) |
0.00003 (0.00003) |
0.00003 (0.00003) |
0.21 | 0.11 | pro/anti | Macrophages, Eosinophill, Basophills | Macrophages, T cells, Th0→Th2 |
| IL-5 | 0.00008 (0.00001) |
0.00004 (0.00001) |
0.00005 (0.00001) |
0.29 | 0.46 | adaptive | Th2 cells, Mast Cells | B-cells growth, ↑Eosinophills |
| IL-6 | 0.0005 (0.0001) |
0.0004 (0.0001) |
0.0003 (0.0001) |
0.93 | 0.49 | pro/anti | T cells, Macrophages | ↑B-cells, naïve T cells→ Th17, ↓Treg |
| IL-7 | 0.0001 (0.00005) |
0.0001 (0.00005) |
0.0001 (0.00005) |
0.96 | 0.98 | adaptive | Stromal cells in bone marrow and thymus, Epithelial and Dendritic cells | B and T cell growth factor |
| IL-10 | 0.002 (0.001) |
0.001 (0.001) |
0.002 (0.001) |
0.30 | 0.99 | anti | T cells | B cells, and Macrophages; inhibit cytokine production |
| IL-13 | 0.002 (0.001) |
0.0003 (0.001) |
0.0003 (0.001) |
0.67 | 0.38 | adaptive | Th2 | Same cells that respond to IL4 |
| IL-15 | 0.002 (0.001) |
0.001 (0.001) |
0.001 (0.001) |
0.77 | 0.67 | adaptive | Macrophages | ↑T cell growth |
| IFN-γ | 0.002 (0.001) |
0.0006 (0.0009) |
0.001 (0.001) |
0.65 | 0.97 | pro | T cells | Activate macrophages, ↑MHCI and II, increase neutrophil and monocyte function |
| IP-10 | 0.08 (0.05) |
0.0004 (0.05) | 0.001 (0.04) |
0.35 | 0.42 | pro | Macrophages Endothelial cells, Fibroblast |
Attracts Macrophages, T, Natural killer, Dendritic cells |
| MCP-1 | 0.001 (0.0003) |
0.001 (0.0003) |
0.0007 (0.0003) |
0.88 | 0.14 | pro | Chemoattractant produced by injured tissue, or infection | ↑Macrophages, memory T cells, Dendritic Cells, Basophils |
| MIP-1a | 0.0007 (0.0004) |
0.001 (0.0004) |
0.001 (0.0003) |
0.76 | 0.37 | pro | Macrophages | Activate Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils |
| MIP-2 | 0.01 (0.004) |
0.002 (0.004) |
0.003 (0.004) |
0.41 | 0.63 | pro | Macrophages | Neutrophils, Stem cells |
| G-CSF | 0.0003 (0.0001) |
0.0002 (0.0001) |
0.0002 (0.0001) |
0.63 | 0.77 | Fibroblast, Endothelium | Stem cells in bone marrow, granulocyte production |