a, Schematic representation of GAC and SCC biosynthetic gene clusters. SCC biosynthesis encoding gene cluster smu.824–835 was renamed sccABCDEFGHMNPQ. Sequence identity (%) between encoded homologous proteins is indicated. Sequences of GAS 5005 and S. mutans UA159 were used for identity comparison. b–d, Identification of gacH in Tn-seq screen and validation for hGIIA resistance. b, Transposon gene locus tags of the 47 hGIIA-resistant mutants after exposure of Krmit mutant transposon library to lethal concentrations of hGIIA. Susceptibility of GAS 5448 and S. mutans to hGIIA concentration range upon (c) deletion of gacH in GAS 5448 and (d) the gacH-homologous gene sccH, respectively. Symbols and error bars represent the mean and s.d., respectively (n=3 biologically independent replicates and each replicate represents three technical replicates). P values were calculated by 2-way ANOVA. Bonferroni multiple comparison test was used to statistically compare multiple groups. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. The precise P values are listed in Supplementary Table 2.