Table I.
Characteristics of Study Sample by Adherence Trajectory Group
| Variable | % or Mean (SD) | Corresponding Socio-Ecological Level(s) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N=239) |
High-Stable (N=95) |
Moderately Low-Stable (N=83) |
Low- Decreasing (N=61) |
||
| Age (years) | 47.7 (10.0) | 49.7 (11.4) | 47.7 (8.4) | 44.7 (8.9) | Individual |
| Gender identity | Individual | ||||
| Female (non-transgender) | 21 | 23 | 24 | 11 | Individual |
| Male (non-transgender) | 75 | 73 | 72 | 82 | Individual |
| Transgender or other non-binary | 5 | 4 | 4 | 7 | Individual |
| Sexual orientation | Individual | ||||
| Bisexual male | 15 | 13 | 11 | 23 | Individual |
| Bisexual female | <1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Individual |
| Gay male | 48 | 46 | 48 | 49 | Individual |
| Gay female | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | Individual |
| Straight | 33 | 37 | 35 | 25 | Individual |
| Not sure/other | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | Individual |
| Time since diagnosis (years) | 14.3 (7.7) | 14.8 (8.1) | 13.3 (6.9) | 14.8 (8.2) | Individual |
| Undetectable viral load | 57 | 75 | 53 | 36 | Individual |
| Most recent CD4 cell count (m/L) | 580 (335) | 633 (288) | 587 (383) | 467 (315) | Individual |
| Perceived ART efficacy rating | 3.23 (0.58) | 3.33 (0.55) | 3.13 (0.64) | 3.20 (0.51) | Individual |
| Depression (past 2 weeks) | 20 | 19 | 21 | 21 | Individual |
| Substance use (past 30 days) | Individual-interpersonal/network | ||||
| Used marijuana | 40 | 36 | 44 | 39 | Individual-interpersonal/network |
| Used stimulant (cocaine/crack/methamphetamine) | 23 | 15 | 30 | 25 | Individual-interpersonal/network |
| Had sex while high | 21 | 12 | 28 | 26 | Individual-interpersonal/network |
| Had sex while drunk | 20 | 16 | 23 | 21 | Individual-interpersonal/network |
| Had 5 or more drinks in sitting | 26 | 22 | 29 | 29 | Individual-interpersonal/network |
| Condomless sex (any with serodiscordant last 3 months) | 20 | 14 | 25 | 21 | Individual-interpersonal/network |
| Medical mistrust, racial/ethnic subscale | 2.28 (0.66) | 2.20 (0.63) | 2.39 (0.65) | 2.26 (0.70) | Individual-institutional/health system |
| Care rating | 8.74 (1.79) | 9.09 (1.44) | 8.29 (2.17) | 8.82 (1.61) | Individual-institutional/health system |
| Doctor rating | 8.87 (1.89) | 9.08 (1.80) | 8.54 (2.07) | 9.00 (1.72) | Individual-institutional/health system |
| Internalized HIV stigma | 2.65 (1.16) | 2.67 (1.22) | 2.64 (1.09) | 2.64 (1.19) | Individual-community |
| Relationship status | Interpersonal/network | ||||
| Single | 72 | 72 | 72 | 74 | Interpersonal/network |
| Steady relationship, not married/other | 18 | 20 | 14 | 18 | Interpersonal/network |
| Married/domestic partnership | 10 | 8 | 13 | 8 | Interpersonal/network |
| Social support | 3.31 (1.12) | 3.41 (1.19) | 3.17 (1.06) | 3.36 (1.08) | Interpersonal/network |
| HIV-related discrimination | 1.29 (2.08) | 1.20 (2.01) | 1.27 (2.02) | 1.46 (2.28) | Community |
| Income <$10,000 annually | 32 | 34 | 30 | 31 | Individual-structural |
| Currently stably housed | 74 | 75 | 73 | 74 | Individual-structural |
| Incarcerated past 3 months | 8 | 5 | 6 | 13 | Individual-structural |
| Education level completed | Individual-structural | ||||
| <High school | 17 | 18 | 16 | 16 | Individual-structural |
| High school diploma or GED | 36 | 35 | 37 | 38 | Individual-structural |
| Some college | 32 | 29 | 36 | 30 | Individual-structural |
| College degree or more | 15 | 18 | 11 | 16 | Individual-structural |
| Current employment status | Individual-structural | ||||
| Full-time (40 or more hours/week) | 5 | 4 | 7 | 3 | Individual-structural |
| Part-time (<40 hours/week) | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | Individual-structural |
| Unemployed | 66 | 62 | 65 | 74 | Individual-structural |
| Retired | 12 | 20 | 7 | 5 | Individual-structural |
| Other | 14 | 9 | 18 | 15 | Individual-structural |
| Adherence (% doses per MEMS) | Outcome | ||||
| Time 1 | 64.8 (33.9) | 92.6 (9.9) | 63.5 (24.8) | 23.2 (23.8) | Outcome |
| Time 2 | 65.7 (32.8) | 92.4 (10.4) | 60.2 (24.7) | 26.8 (26.4) | Outcome |
| Time 3 | 62.2 (34.1) | 89.9 (13.7) | 58.4 (23.9) | 16.3 (20.5) | Outcome |