Fig. 3. Myricetin inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in high glucose (HG)-exposed INS-1 cells. (A) INS-1 cells were incubated with 30 mM glucose (HG) in the presence or absence of roscovitine for 24 hours. Cell apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Data are expressed as the mean±standard deviation of at least three independent experiments. (B) INS-1 cells were incubated with 30 mM glucose (HG) with myricetin or roscovitine for 24 hours. Representative images of western blot analysis of cleaved caspase-3. (C) INS-1 cells were incubated with 30 mM glucose with or without myricetin for different time periods. Representative images of Western blot analysis of CDK5 phosphorylated at tyrosine 15 (Tyr15) and p35. (D) The proposed binding model of myricetin to CDK5 based on docking studies. The dotted lines indicate hydrogen bonds interactions. ^aP<0.01 vs. control, ^bP<0.05 vs. HG, ^cP<0.001 vs. control, ^dP<0.005 vs. HG, ^eP<0.001 vs. HG, ^fP<0.05 vs. control.