Table 2.
Studies of the microbiome in RA patients.
| Study | Site | Cases | Controls | Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shinenbaum et al., 1987 [117] | Gut | 25 RA | 25 healthy | Bacterial culture |
| Eerola et al., 1994 [118] | Gut | 74 RA | 91 healthy | Gas liquid chromatography analysis of bacterial cell fatty acid. |
| Toivanen et al., 2002 [44] | Gut | 25 early RA | 23 neuroinflammatory pain | 16SrRNA oligonucleotide probes |
| Vaahtuvuo et al., 2008 [119] | Gut | 50 RA | 50 Fibromyalgia | Flow cytometry, 16s rRNA hybridisation, DNA staining |
| Scher et al., 2012 [5] | Oral | 31 early RA 34 treated RA |
18 healthy | 16s |
| Scher et al., 2013 [26] | Gut | 44 early RA 26 treated RA 16 psoriatic arthritis |
28 healthy | 16s |
| Liu et al., 2013 [120] | Gut | 15 RA | 15 controls | Quantitative RT-PCR |
| Zhang et al., 2015 [18] | Gut/Oral | 94 early RA 21 treated RA |
97 healthy | Metagenomes |
| Scher et al., 2016 [35] | Lung | 20 RA 20 Sarcoidosis |
28 Healthy | 16s |