Table 1.
Characteristics of included probands and families
| All |
Ascertainment group |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRMa |
PRSb |
PRYc |
||||||
| Total no. of families | 11 983 |
4507 |
869 |
6607 |
||||
| Probands’ HOXB13 G84E status | Noncarrier | Carrier | Noncarrier | Carrier | Noncarrier | Carrier | Noncarrier | Carrier |
| 11 800 | 183 | 4457 | 50 | 846 | 23 | 6497 | 110 | |
| Probands’ characteristics | ||||||||
| Genetic ethnic ancestry | ||||||||
| European | 10 978 (93%) | 174 (95%) | 4087 (92%) | 47 (94%) | 715 (85%) | 21 (91%) | 6176 (95%) | 106 (96%) |
| African | 295 (2.5%) | 0 (0%) | 194 (4.4%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 97 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) |
| Asian | 118 (1.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 94 (2.1%) | 1 (2.0%) | 3 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 21 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Mixed | 49 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 31 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Unknown | 360 (3.1%) | 8 (4.4%) | 51 (1.1%) | 2 (4.0%) | 122 (14%) | 2 (8.7%) | 187 (2.9%) | 4 (3.6%) |
| Age at prostate cancer diagnosis (yr) | ||||||||
| ≤44 | 104 (0.9%) | 3 (1.6%) | 11 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0%) | 92 (1.4%) | 3 (2.7%) |
| 45–54 | 2232 (19%) | 43 (23%) | 263 (5.9%) | 2 (4.0%) | 10 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 1959 (30%) | 41 (37%) |
| 55–64 | 6162 (52%) | 91 (50%) | 1317 (30%) | 15 (30%) | 399 (47%) | 10 (43%) | 4446 (68%) | 66 (60%) |
| 65–74 | 2612 (22%) | 37 (20%) | 2219 (50%) | 29 (58%) | 393 (46%) | 8 (35%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| 75–84 | 684 (5.8%) | 8 (4.4%) | 647 (15%) | 4 (8.0%) | 37 (4.4%) | 4 (17%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| ≥85d | 6 (0.1%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (0.7%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Median (interquartile range) | 59 (56–66) | 58 (54.5–64.5) | 67 (62–72) | 67.5 (62–70) | 65 (62–68) | 65 (62.5–71.5) | 57 (54–58) | 56 (52–58) |
| Mean (standard deviation) | 60.5 (7.7) | 59.5 (8.0) | 66.8 (7.3) | 66.2 (6.6) | 65.4 (5.1) | 67.4 (7.3) | 55.6 (3.8) | 54.8 (4.4) |
| Year of prostate cancer diagnosis | ||||||||
| ≤1994 | 614 (5.2%) | 9 (4.9%) | 463 (10%) | 7 (14%) | 52 (6.1%) | 0 (0%) | 99 (1.5%) | 2 (1.8%) |
| 1995–1999 | 1158 (9.8%) | 20 (11%) | 703 (16%) | 9 (18%) | 113 (13%) | 3 (13%) | 342 (5.3%) | 8 (7.3%) |
| 2000–2004 | 3009 (26%) | 40 (22%) | 1304 (29%) | 12 (24%) | 214 (25%) | 6 (26%) | 1491 (23%) | 22 (20%) |
| 2005–2009 | 3728 (32%) | 60 (33%) | 1321 (30%) | 15 (30%) | 236 (28%) | 10 (43%) | 2171 (33%) | 35 (32%) |
| 2010–2014 | 3291 (28%) | 54 (30%) | 666 (15%) | 7 (14%) | 231 (27%) | 4 (17%) | 2394 (37%) | 43 (39%) |
| Family characteristics | ||||||||
| No. of 1st- and 2nd-degree relatives with prostate cancer below age 85 per family | ||||||||
| 0 | 8267 (70%) | 101 (55%) | 3765 (84%) | 41 (82%) | 3 (0.4%)e | 0 (0%) | 4499 (69%) | 60 (55%) |
| 1 | 2435 (21%) | 51 (28%) | 553 (12%) | 6 (12%) | 418 (49%) | 11 (48%) | 1464 (23%) | 34 (31%) |
| 2 | 807 (6.8%) | 26 (14%) | 106 (2.4%) | 3 (6.0%) | 303 (36%) | 9 (39%) | 398 (6.1%) | 14 (13%) |
| ≥3 | 291 (2.5%) | 5 (2.7%) | 33 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 122 (14%) | 3 (13%) | 136 (2.1%) | 2 (1.8%) |
| Male 1st- and 2nd-degree relatives’ characteristics | ||||||||
| Total no. with prostate cancer below age 85/total no. (%) | 4572/78 583 (5.8%) | 115/1315 (8.7%) | 765/21 041 (3.6%) | 11/240 (4.6%) | 1321/8020 (16%) | 40/235 (17%) | 2486/49 522 (5.0%) | 64/840 (7.6%) |
| Age at prostate cancer diagnosis | ||||||||
| ≤44 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| 45–54 | 188 | 4 | 17 | 1 | 51 | 0 | 120 | 3 |
| 55–64 | 766 | 22 | 90 | 0 | 316 | 13 | 360 | 9 |
| 65–74 | 940 | 28 | 130 | 4 | 320 | 7 | 490 | 17 |
| 75–84 | 515 | 11 | 77 | 1 | 133 | 6 | 305 | 4 |
| ≥85f | 104 | 1 | 31 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 47 | 1 |
| Unknown | 2150 | 49 | 449 | 5 | 496 | 14 | 1205 | 30 |
| Median (interquartile range) | 70 (63–78) | 70 (62–76) | 71 (65–79) | 69.5 (63–76.5) | 68 (62–76) | 65 (62–77) | 71 (63–78) | 70 (63–76) |
| Mean (standard deviation) | 71.2 (10.7) | 68.5 (10.6) | 71.9 (10.6) | 69.0 (12.7) | 68.9 (10.1) | 68.3 (9.3) | 70.3 (10.9) | 68.5 (11.0) |
| Year of birthg | ||||||||
| ≤1909 | 809/22 644 (3.6%) | 17/363 (4.7%) | 231/8074 (2.9%) | 1/87 (1.1%) | 247/2662 (9.3%) | 9/86 (10%) | 331/11 908 (2.8%) | 7/190 (3.7%) |
| 1910–1919 | 815/10 392 (7.8%) | 23/169 (14%) | 146/2443 (6.0%) | 2/40 (5.0%) | 219/1079 (20%) | 3/31 (9.7%) | 450/6870 (6.6%) | 18/98 (18%) |
| 1920–1929 | 1142/9516 (12%) | 25/177 (14%) | 164/1592 (10%) | 2/17 (12%) | 203/573 (35%) | 7/14 (50%) | 775/7351 (11%) | 16/146 (11%) |
| 1930–1939 | 873/5040 (17%) | 21/83 (25%) | 129/1432 (9.0%) | 3/15 (20%) | 324/561 (58%) | 7/10 (70%) | 420/3047 (14%) | 11/58 (19%) |
| 1940–1949 | 660/4421 (15%) | 19/78 (24%) | 74/1189 (6.2%) | 2/14 (14%) | 266/551 (48%) | 13/21 (62%) | 320/2681 (12%) | 4/43 (9.3%) |
| 1950–1959 | 237/4519 (5.2%) | 7/77 (9.1%) | 17/1136 (1.5%) | 1/14 (7.1%) | 56/466 (12%) | 1/11 (9.1%) | 164/2917 (5.6%) | 5/52 (9.6%) |
| ≥1960 | 36/21 949 (0.2%) | 3/365 (0.8%) | 4/5120 (0.1%) | 0/53 (0%) | 6/2123 (0.3%) | 0/61 (0%) | 26/14 706 (0.2%) | 3/251 (1.2%) |
| HOXB13 G84E statush | ||||||||
| Noncarrier | 431/469 (92%) | 5/6 (83%) | 47/56 (84%) | 0/1 (0%) | 183/194 (94%) | 1/1 (100%) | 201/219 (92%) | 4/4 (100%) |
| Carrier | 5/5i (100%) | 8/9 (89%) | 1/1 (100%) | 2/2 (100%) | 2/2i (100%) | 4/5 (80%) | 2/2 (100%) | 2/2 (100%) |
| Not genotyped | 4136/78 104 (5.3%) | 102/1301 (7.8%) | 717/20 980 (3.4%) | 9/238 (3.8%) | 1136/7826 (15%) | 35/229 (15%) | 2283/49 298 (4.6%) | 58/834 (7.0%) |
HOXB13 = homeobox B13.
Population-based arm: men diagnosed or treated at the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust at any age.
Family-based arm: men from families with at least two prostate cancer cases, one of whom were diagnosed at age 65 or earlier, or three family members diagnosed at any age.
Young-onset arm: men diagnosed at 60 or earlier.
Families in the family-ascertained PRS arm in which the proband had prostate cancer above the censoring endpoint of age 85 were retained in the study, in line with the cohort's ascertainment criteria that allow entry of families where at least three members were diagnosed at any age.
Fulfilled inclusion criteria for the PRS arm by having third-degree or more distant relatives with prostate cancer.
Men with prostate cancer at or above age 85 were censored at age 85. Therefore, they are not included in the total number of men with prostate cancer elsewhere in this table.
The table shows years of birth after imputation of missing values using the years of birth of each individual's first-degree relatives and assuming a gap of 30 yr between subsequent generations.
Genotyping data were available for 489 male relatives, of whom 14 were heterozygous mutation carriers.
Includes two mutation carriers from the same family.