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. 2019 Apr 17;9:6199. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42529-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dead cell core generation within the microdevice. Cells were embedded within the collagen hydrogel at a final concentration of 40 million cells/ml in the central microchamber. Cell viability was evaluated for HCT-116 cells (a) and U-251-MG cells (d) at different times (6 h, 24 h and 72 h) using propidium iodide (PI) and Calcein-AM (CAM) staining. Viable cells are depicted in green, whereas dead cells are depicted in red. Furthermore, cell viability profiles (b,e) and cell mortality profiles (c,f) were obtained for HCT-116 and U-251-MG cells from the rectangular region of interest shown in the corresponding images.