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. 2019 Apr 17;9:6231. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42609-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Microbial community composition changes during the time series. (A) Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of weighted unifrac distances. The shape of the points corresponds to the ice condition and the color corresponds to month of collection. Stress for this plot is 0.1878. Environmental factors were fit to the NMDS and factors that significantly fit the data are shown as vectors. (B) Time-decay analysis of weighted-unifrac distances. Pairwise comparison of community distances versus number of days between treatment. Data was fit to a linear regression. Confidence regions are represented as gray shading. Ice-covered samples are shown in orange. Ice-free communities in the fall are shown in gray, and ice-free communities in the spring are shown in blue.