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. 2019 Apr 17;9:6196. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42549-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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F0 CRISPR mutation in L1CAM causes cerebral aqueduct stenosis. The left column shows control and right column shows l1cam F0 CRISPR mutant images for all panels. (a) 3D rendering of the tadpole ventricular system shows aqueductal stenosis and a smaller ventricular system in l1cam F0 CRISPR mutant. (b) Mid sagittal view and (c) Coronal view of control and l1cam F0 CRISPR mutant, the later showing stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct (red arrowheads). (d) Transverse view of the control and l1cam F0 CRISPR mutant, starting at the end of the lateral ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct and ending in the midbrain ventricle. Control embryo shows normal opening of the duct whereas the mutant shows complete blockage (red star). (e) Relatively normal ciliary flow fields in the control and mutant animals. (f) 2D Particle Velocity Map shows intact FFs 1-5. (Lat-V: lateral ventricle, III: 3^rd ventricle, M: Midbrain ventricle, IV: 4^th ventricle).