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. 2019 Apr 17;9:6196. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42549-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Hydrocephaly phenotype with CRB2 mutations. (a) CT scan of a normal brain and patient brain, with enlargement of the brain ventricles. (b) Mid-sagittal view (d) Coronal view using OCT shows reduction in ventricular size along with CA stenosis in crb2 F0 CRISPR mutant tadpole brain at stage 45 as compared to controls. (c) Mid-sagittal view (e) Coronal view of control and crb2 F0 CRISPR mutant tadpole raised to stage 48 shows enlargement of the ventricles as compared to controls. This result was seen in 3 animals that survived to this later stage. (White arrow head – CA, red arrowheads – stenosis of CA). (f) Stage 45 tadpole particle tracking shows the impairment of the flow fields in the lateral 3^rd and midbrain ventricles, but normal flow in the fourth ventricle for the crb2 F0 CRISPR mutant as compared to the control. (g) 2D Particle Velocity Map shows loss of FFs 1-3 and intact FFs 4-5. (Lat-V: lateral ventricle, III: 3^rd ventricle, M: Midbrain ventricle, IV: 4^th ventricle).