Fig. 1.

Schematic illustration of direct MXene ink printing. The Ti₃C₂T_x organic inks, i.e., Ti₃C₂T_x-ethanol (molecules shown in the bottom panel) are used for inkjet printing of various patterns, such as MSCs, MXene letters, ohmic resistors, etc. The Ti₃C₂T_x aqueous inks (with water molecules shown in the top panel) are designed for extrusion printing of MSCs and other patterns on flexible substrates. As for the MSCs, a gel electrolyte made of H₂SO₄-PVA, was coated onto the as-printed patterns and dried naturally, forming all-MXene printed, solid-state MSCs