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Viable cell density (A), antibody titer (B), glucose (C), and lactate (D) concentrations over process time for the three different process settings. Arrows in (A) indicate the time points for intracellular samples, last three points also indicate time points of flux balance analysis. The vertical line in (D) marks the switch from CO2 aeration higher than the 3% overlay to base addition in the reference process. Error bars indicate the error of bioreactor cultivations in triplicates.
