Table 2.

Assessing risk of bias and concerns regarding the applicability of diagnostic studies.

Study	Risk of bias				Concerns regarding applicability
	Patient selection	Index test	Reference standard	Flow and timing	Patient selection	Index test	Reference standard
Nagral et al. (29)
Devlin et al. (17)
Feussner et al. (18)
Kuse et al. (19)
Okubo et al. (20)
Hughes et al. (21)
Lun et al. (22)
Barnes et al. (23)
Kobayashi et al. (5)
Massoud et al. (24)
Rodriguez-Peralvarez et al. (25)
Wang et al. (26)
Schütz et al. (27)
Dickson et al. (28)
Molajoni et al. (30)

The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool (QUADAS-2) was used to appraise trustworthiness and applicability of the study findings (12). The signaling questions were carried out independently by two reviewers (F.K. and E.K.). Any discrepancy between the reviewers was resolved through discussion until a common conclusion was achieved. The analysis found that Barnes et al. (23), Nagral et al. (29), Kuse et al. (19), Lun et al. (22), Rodriguez-Peralvarez et al. (25), and Wang et al. (26) exhibited low risk.

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