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. 2019 Apr 17;9:6198. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42722-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Performance of PCN-MSNPs coating on silicone urethral catheter as a function of incubation time. PCN-MSNPs coated (+) and uncoated (−) catheters were incubated in overnight grown mixed cultures of (A) C. albicans MTCC 227 + S. aureus MTCC 96 and (B) C. albicans MTCC 227 + S. aureus MLS-16 MTCC 2940. The biofilm formation in A and B group catheters after 24, 48 and 72 h incubation were visualized and quantified using crystal violet staining assay. (C) Polymicrobial biofilm inhibition by PCN-MSNPs coatings on silicone urethral catheters as a function of time. In (C), * indicates the statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001, α = 0.05) in biofilm growth percentage among the treatment at each time point, by one way ANOVA.