Table 2.

Mechanisms of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary atherosclerosis

Clinical disorder
1	Epicardiac coronary disorders (MI type 1)	(a) Atherosclerotic plaque rupture
		(b) Ulceration
		(c) Fissuring
		(d) Erosion or coronary dissection with non-obstructive CAD
2	Imbalance between oxygen supply and demand (MI type 2)	(a) Coronary embolism
		(b) Coronary artery vasospasm
3	Coronary endothelial dysfunction (MI type 2)	(a) Coronary microvascular dysfunction
4	Myocardial causes	(a) Cardiomyopathy
		– i. Takotsubo syndrome
		– ii. Dilated
		– iii. Hypertrophic
		(b) (Peri)-myocarditis
		(c) Myocardial trauma or injury
		(d) Tachyarrhythmia-induced infarct
5	Non-cardiac causes	(a) Renal impairment
		(b) Pulmonary embolism

CAD coronary artery disease, MI myocardial infarction