Table 1.

Frequency distribution of sociodemographic characteristics (N = 1000)

Factors	Group	N	%
Gender	Male	332	33.20
	Female	668	66.80
Age (years)	60–69	215	21.50
	70–79	244	24.40
	80–89	440	44.00
	≥ 90	101	10.10
Aged care model	Institutional care	549	54.90
	Public institutional care	379	37.9
	Private institutional care	170	17.0
	Community-based home care	451	45.10
Marital status	Married	403	40.30
	Separated	34	3.40
	Widowed	498	49.80
	Divorced	14	1.40
	Single	51	5.10
Education level	Illiteracy	149	14.90
	Elementary school	267	26.70
	Middle school	186	18.60
	High school/secondary	182	18.20
	Associate degree education or more	216	21.60
Loneliness	Never/rarely feel lonely	597	59.70
	Sometimes/often/always feel lonely	403	40.30
Number of chronic diseases	0	72	7.20
	1–2	493	49.30
	3–4	335	33.50
	≥ 5	100	10.00