Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohorts.
| Variable | No adverse event | Any adverse event | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (N) | 13,489 | 696 | – |
| Procedure | |||
| Total hip arthroplasty | 5020 (37.2%) | 231 (33.2%) | – |
| Total knee arthroplasty | 8469 (62.8%) | 465 (66.8%) | |
| Laterality | |||
| Unilateral | 13,287 (98.5%) | 683 (98.1%) | .436b |
| Bilateral | 202 (1.5%) | 13 (1.9%) | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (y) | 66.6 ± 10.5 | 68.2 ± 10.7 | <.0001a |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 5348 (38.7%) | 294 (42.2%) | .176b |
| Female | 8134 (60.3%) | 402 (57.8%) | |
| Race | |||
| White | 9833 (90.1%) | 479 (91.9%) | .914d |
| Black or African American | 793 (7.3%) | 37 (7.1%) | |
| Asian | 124 (1.2%) | 4 (0.8%) | |
| American Indian | 49 (0.5%) | 1 (0.2%) | |
| Pacific Islander | 15 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 32.5 ± 7.3 | 34.1 ± 8.3 | <.0001a |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 2052 (15.2%) | 152 (21.8%) | <.0001b |
| Dyspnea | 1086 (8.1%) | 74 (10.6%) | .015b |
| Hypertension | 8394 (62.2%) | 477 (68.5%) | .001b |
| Chronic heart failure | 21 (0.2%) | 2 (0.3%) | .313d |
| COPD | 493 (3.7%) | 45 (6.5%) | <.0001b |
| Myocardial infarction | 10 (0.1%) | 2 (0.3%) | .115d |
| Stroke | 95 (0.7%) | 11 (1.6%) | .009b |
| Bleeding disorder | 297 (2.2%) | 25 (3.6%) | .016b |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 71 (0.5%) | 14 (2.0%) | <.0001b |
| Esophageal varices | 3 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) | .182d |
| Liver disease | 1 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) | .096d |
| Renal disease | 10 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | .425d |
| Metastatic cancer | 14 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | .530d |
| ASA classification | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | <.0001c |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 2.7 ± 1.3 | <.0001c |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.
Bolded values represents the statistical significance of P values.
a
Welch’s 2-sample t-test.
b
Pearson’s chi-squared test.
c
Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test.
d
Fisher exact test for count data.