Figure 2.

A schematic of the behavioral tests utilized to assess the effects of social isolation rearing on anxiety- (top) and addiction- (bottom) related behaviors. (A,B) Anxiety-related behavioral tests include elevated plus maze (A) and open field (B). An animal is considered less anxious if they spend more time in the open arm of an elevated plus maze and the center of an open field. (C,D) Addiction-related behavioral tests include conditioned place preference (CPP; C) and self-administration (SA; D). An animal who forms a preference for the side of a chamber where they received a drug in CPP is considered to find that drug more rewarding (C). In SA paradigms (D), animals learn that pressing the active lever but not the inactive lever results in an injection of a drug of abuse. Animals are thought to find drugs of abuse more rewarding if they learn the operant task more quickly.