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Antibody blockade of PD-1 improves survival after infection. Mice were treated with anti-PD-1 antibody (anti-PD-1), saline, or isotype control antibody (Iso) immediately after hip fracture (Fx) and surgery (Sur). Twenty-four hours later, mice were treated with P. aeruginosa (ba). Survival was recorded for 14 days (n = 12 per group). Results are expressed as the mean ± SD. Analysis was performed using the log-rank test. ∗P < 0.001 when compared to the Iso or saline group.
