Table 2.
Matched group comparisons at baseline.
| Characteristics | Original unmatched samples | Matched samples | |||||||||||
| Comparison group (n=219) | Active group (n=593) | P value | Comparison group (n=158) | Active group (n=158) | P value | ||||||||
| Gender - female, n (%) | 143 (65.3) | 426 (71.8) | .09 | 100 (63.3) | 100 (63.3) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 47.76 (11.94) | 41.49 (13.06) | <.001 | 45.86 (12.64) | 44.03 (13.38) | .21 | |||||||
| Race - white, n (%) | 212 (96.8) | 537 (90.6) | .01 | 151 (95.6) | 149 (94.3) | .80 | |||||||
| GAD-7a, mean (SD) | 10.40 (4.9) | 11.24 (4.90) | .03 | 10.46 (5.10) | 10.91 (4.97) | .43 | |||||||
| SF-12b , mean (SD)c |
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Mental health | 35.51 (10.18) | 35.55 (9.90) | .97 | 36.04 (10.27) | 35.23 (9.44) | .46 | ||||||
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Physical health | 37.04 (12.36) | 42.61 (11.59) | <.001 | 40.21 (11.93) | 40.88 (12.27) | .63 | ||||||
| Medical complexity score | 3.19 (2.44) | 2.26 (2.07) | <.001 | 2.75 (2.28) | 2.73 (2.28) | .94 | |||||||
| High utilizer prior to studyd, n (%) | 82 (37.44) | 166 (27.99) | .01 | 43 (27.22) | 43 (27.22) | 1.00 | |||||||
| Any inpatient encounter in the past 6 months | 30 (13.70) | 60 (10.12) | .19 | 14 (8.86) | 20 (12.66) | .36 | |||||||
| Any emergency room visit in the past 6 months | 53 (24.20) | 116 (19.56) | .18 | 34 (21.52) | 31 (19.62) | .78 | |||||||
| Insurance type, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Medicare | 44 (20.09) | 48 (8.36) | <.001 | 23 (14.56) | 15 (9.49) | .23 | ||||||
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Medicaide | 64 (29.22) | 104 (18.12) | .001 | 45 (28.48) | 29 (18.35) | .05 | ||||||
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Commerciale | 111 (50.68) | 422 (73.52) | <.001 | 90 (56.96) | 114 (72.15) | .01 | ||||||
| Medications in past 6 months, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Other antidepressants | 102 (46.6) | 309 (52.11) | .19 | 80 (50.6) | 85 (53.8) | .65 | ||||||
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Tricyclic antidepressants | 15 (6.9) | 31 (5.23) | .47 | 8 (5.1) | 10 (6.3) | .81 | ||||||
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Benzodiazapines | 57 (26.0) | 122 (20.6) | .12 | 42 (26.6) | 42 (26.6) | 1.00 | ||||||
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Sleep medications | 20 (9.1) | 49 (8.3) | .80 | 10 (6.3) | 15 (9.5) | .40 | ||||||
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Stimulants | 5 (2.3) | 6 (1.0) | .29 | 4 (2.5) | 1 (0.6) | .37 | ||||||
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Mood stabilizers | 46 (21.0) | 56 (9.4) | <.001 | 26 (16.5) | 22 (14.0) | .64 | ||||||
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Buspirone | 7 (3.2) | 11 (1.9) | .38 | 4 (2.5) | 4 (2.5) | 1.00 | ||||||
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Atypical antipsychotics | 11 (5.0) | 26 (4.4) | .84 | 4 (2.5) | 7 (4.4) | .54 | ||||||
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Opioids | 82 (37.4) | 100 (16.9) | <.001 | 31 (19.6) | 33 (20.9) | .89 | ||||||
| ICD-10f codes, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Depression | 91 (41.6) | 230 (38.8) | .526 | 55 (34.8) | 70 (44.3) | .11 | ||||||
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Anxiety | 92 (42.0) | 248 (41.8) | 1 | 61 (38.6) | 73 (46.2) | .21 | ||||||
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Substance abuse | 7 (3.2) | 22 (3.7) | .89 | 4 (2.5) | 6 (3.8) | .75 | ||||||
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ADHDg | 4 (1.8) | 6 (1.0) | .56 | 4 (2.5) | 2 (1.3) | .68 | ||||||
| Medical conditionsh , n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Hypertension | 83 (37.9) | 118 (19.9) | <.001 | 54 (34.2) | 44 (27.9) | .27 | ||||||
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Chronic GIi condition | 66 (30.1) | 131 (22.1) | .02 | 43 (27.2) | 45 (28.5) | .90 | ||||||
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Hyperlipidemia | 60 (27.4) | 93 (15.7) | <.001 | 39 (24.7) | 38 (24.1) | 1.00 | ||||||
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Obesity | 48 (21.9) | 91 (15.4) | .04 | 28 (17.7) | 28 (17.7) | 1.00 | ||||||
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Asthma | 45 (20.6) | 71 (12.0) | .003 | 27 (17.1) | 21 (13.3) | .43 | ||||||
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Diabetesb | 44 (20.1) | 41 (6.9) | <.001 | 28 (17.7) | 14 (8.9) | .03 | ||||||
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Chronic pain | 35 (16.0) | 83 (14.00) | .55 | 19 (12.0) | 23 (14.6) | .62 | ||||||
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Arthritis | 37 (16.9) | 54 (9.1) | .003 | 22 (13.9) | 15 (9.5) | .29 | ||||||
aGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.
bSF-12: Short Form Health Survey.
cFor the original unmatched samples, n=216 in the comparison group and n=559 in the active group.
dDefined as four or more outpatient medical encounters in 6 months prior to study enrollment.
eP<.05; cells show mean (SD) for continuous variables or n (%) for categorical variables.
fICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision.
gADHD: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
hReporting only those medical conditions with at least 10% prevalence.
iGI: gastrointestinal.