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. 2019 Mar 22;20(6):1468. doi: 10.3390/ijms20061468

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Figure 5

CAPE inhibits hypoxia- and PDGF-BB-induced cell proliferation and increases SA-β-gal activity of human PASMCs. (A,B) Cells were pretreated in the absence of inhibitor or with CAPE (5 or 10 μM) for 2 h, and then were cultured for the indicated times in normoxia (20%), hypoxia (3%), or PDGF-BB. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. (C,D) Cells were pretreated in the absence of inhibitor or with CAPE for 2 h, and then were cultured for 24 h in normoxia (20%), hypoxia (3%), or PDGF-BB. The proliferation of human PASMCs stained with BrdU/DAPI. All cell nuclei were stained with DAPI in blue, and the dividing cells were immunostained with anti-BrdU antibody in green. The percentage of BrdU-positive cells was presented. Scale bars, 50 μm. (E,F) SA-β-Gal staining of human PASMCs cultured for 24 h in normoxia (20%) or hypoxia (3%) with or without CAPE (5 or 10 μM). Photography images and quantification of SA-β-Gal positive cells are shown. Values are the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.002; *** p < 0.001, as compared with the control group. # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.002; ### p < 0.001, as compared with the cells exposed to hypoxia or PDGF-BB.