| PAL | Phe ammonia lyase |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| 4CL2 | 4-coumarate coenzyme A (CoA) ligase 2 |
| C3H | Coumarate-3-hydroxylase |
| SA | salicylic acid |
| MeJA | methyl jasmonate |
| GA | gibberellic acid |
| ABRE | ABA-responsive element |
| qRT-PCR | quantitative real-time PCR |
| GFP | green fluorescent protein |
| ND | nitrogen deficiency |
| ABA | abscisic acid |