Figure 1.

Schematic design of the current study and experimental verification of nucleic acid nanoparticles’ (NANPs’) assemblies. (A) Blood from healthy donors was used as a source of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), then treated with NANPs with and without prior exposure to the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-inhibiting siRNAs. NANPs were delivered into the cells either by lipofection or electroporation. Type I interferon (IFN) secretion was measured in the culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (B) RNA cubes, DNA cubes, RNA rings, and RNA fibers were used as model NANPs. All NANPs’ assemblies were confirmed by ethidium bromide total staining native-PAGE and AFM.