Enhancing selectivity |
Simultaneous targeting of multiple antigens |
Tandem CAR [130] |
iCAR (inhibitory CAR) [129] |
scFv modulation |
Fine-tune scFv affinities [113] |
Inducible CARs |
synNotch CAR [124] |
Enhancing killing potential |
Co-stimulatory domains |
JAK-STAT CAR [82] |
3rd generation ICOS CAR [128] |
Cytokine production |
TRUCK system [86] |
Checkpoint Blockade |
Secretion of PD-1 scFv [125] |
Targeted delivery of CAR cDNA to disrupt a locus |
CRIPSR guided to Fas, endogenous TCR, PD-1, and LAG-3 [131,132,133] |
TALEN-mediated multi-drug resistant CARs [134] |
Immune cell recruitment |
7 × 19 CAR (co-expressing IL-7 and CCL 19) [126] |
Regulating activity |
Suicide Gene |
Inducible Caspase9 [135] |
Antibody-mediated depletion via marker antigen [43] |
Switchable CAR |
Tumor targeting anti- or nanobody (UniCAR, SUPRA CAR) [85,136] |
Dimerization through small molecules [137] |