Table 3.

Articles describing the changes in extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo RNA in status epilepticus (SE) and traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Article	Species	Condition	Starting Material	Isolation Method	Characterization of EVs	What was Measured	Main Finding
[58]	mouse and human	blast overexposure injury (mice) and TBI patients	plasma and serum	microchip using GluR2 antibody	DLS and SEM in method set-up with CCM	miRNA-seq, 7 miRNAs validated	miRNA-based biomarker panel for diagnosis of TBI
[63]	human	TLE and SE patients	CSF	ExoQuick reagent	no characterization	miR-19b-3p, miR-21-5p and miR-451a (top findings)	EV-cargo miRNAs showed more promise than Argonaute2 bound miRNAs as biomarkers
[64]	human	TLE patients	plasma	ExoQuick reagent	no characterization	miR-27a, miR-328-3p and miR-654-3p levels (top findings)	Higher diagnostic accuracy with EV-cargo miRNAs as compared to Argonaute2 bound miRNAs
[65]	human	mTLE-HS patients	plasma	ExoQuick reagent	TEM or Western blot (not shown)	microarray	50 differentially expressed miRNAs, 6 validated (miR-3613-5p, miR-4668-5p, miR8071, miR-197-5p, miR-4322 and miR-6781-5p)
[74]	human	severe TBI	CSF	ultracentrifugation	TEM, flow cytometry	microarray	81 miRNAs found, miR-9 and miR-451 differentially packed after TBI
[80]	mouse	controlled cortical impact-induced TBI	brain tissue	digestion of brain tissue and ultracentrifugation	TEM	miRNA-seq	miR-212 decreased and miR-21, miR-146, miR-7a, and miR-7b increased
[81]	mouse	fluid percussion-induced TBI	extracellular space	digestion of brain tissue and Total Exosome Isolation reagent	TEM, Western blot	circ-RNA-seq	231 differentially expressed circular RNAs, 5 validated

Abbreviations: TLE = temporal lobe epilepsy, CSF = cerebrospinal fluid, TEM = transmission electron microscopy, DLS = dynamic light scattering, SEM = scanning electron microscopy, CCM = cell culture media.