| ACPA | anticitrullinated protein antibody |
| TNFi | tumor necrosis factor inhibitor |
| APC | antigen-presenting cell |
| CRT | calreticulin |
| CIA | collagen-induced arthritis |
| DMARDs | disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs |
| csDMARD | conventional synthetic DMARD |
| tsDMARD | targeted synthetic DMARD |
| JAK | Janus kinase |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| M1 | type 1 macrophage |
| M2 | type 2 macrophage |
| miRNA | microRNA |
| MSC | mesenchymal stem cell |
| NLRP3 | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| RANKL | receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand; |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-α |
| Th | T helper |
| TGF-β | tumor growth factor-β |
| Treg | regulatory T-cell |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |