Figure 5.

(a) Time average of the deformation index $L_i/L_i^{ref}$ as a function of $Ca$, where the maximum, middle, and minimum axis lengths ($L_{max}$, $L_{min}$, and $L_{mid}$, respectively) are normalized by each reference length $L_i^{ref}$ (i.e., no flow condition), where the reference major and minor axis lengths are $d_0$ and $t_0$ (thickness), respectively. (b) Averaged first and second invariants ${\mathcal{I}}_i$ (i = 1 and 2) as a function of $Ca$. (c) Averaged maximum and isotropic tensions; ${\mathcal{T}}_{max}$ and ${\mathcal{T}}_{iso}$, respectively. These values are normalized by the shear elastic modulus $G_s$. (d) The average of these tensions, ${\mathcal{T}}_i$, as a function of the deformation index $L_{min}/t_0$, which is the ratio between the minimum axis length of the deformed RBC (thickness) and the reference thickness.