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. 2019 Mar 20;24(6):1103. doi: 10.3390/molecules24061103

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Spatial distribution of heat flux by vector arrows on each atom under non-equilibrium steady state. (a) A hydroxyl group, (b) one single vacancy, (c) graphene.