Table 1.
Subject baseline characteristics. Data are presented as mean ± SD or proportion (%).
| Variable | Intervention (N = 40) | Control (N = 20) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 34 ± 4 | 34 ± 4 | 0.90 |
| First degree family history of diabetes | 21/40 (53%) | 11/20 (55%) | 1.0 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 28.7 ± 7.6 | 27.8 ± 4.2 | 0.60 |
| Pregnancy GTT (glucose level at T = 0, mmol/L) | 5.2 ± 0.8 | 5.0 ± 6.5 | 0.45 |
| Pregnancy GTT (glucose level at T = 120, mmol/L) | 9.0 ± 1.4 | 9.0 ± 1.3 | 0.95 |
| Insulin use during pregnancy | 29/40 (73%) | 17/20 (85%) | 0.35 |
| Gestation (weeks) | 38.9 ± 1.2 | 38.7 ± 0.8 | 0.44 |
| Birthweight (g) | 3235 ± 475 | 3487 ± 561 | 0.07 |
| Region of birth | 0.58 | ||
| South Asia | 22 | 12 | |
| Southeast Asia | 8 | 2 | |
| Australia | 6 | 5 | |
| Others | 4 | 1 | |
| Daily energy intake during pregnancy (kJ) | 9212 ± 2070 | 8858 ± 2461 | 0.56 |
| Daily fat intake (% total energy) | 33 ± 9 | 30 ± 7 | 0.19 |
| Daily saturated fat intake (% total energy) | 10 ± 6 | 9 ± 3 | 0.35 |
| Daily carbohydrate intake (% total energy) | 43 ± 10 | 47 ± 8 | 0.34 |
| 150 min Mod PA pregnancy | 20/40 (50%) | 13/20 (65%) | 0.41 |
| Prepregnancy total activity time (min) | 176 ± 145 | 235 ± 228 | 0.22 |