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Characterization of modification steps during aptasensor fabrication. (A) Cyclic voltammogram obtained in 1 mM Ferri/Ferrocyanide after each modification step during aptasensor fabrication: (a) bare SPCE; (b) carboxyphenyl modified SPCE; (c) after immobilization of carboxy-amine PEG; (d) anti-patulin (anti-PAT) aptamer modified electrode; (e) after incubation of 50 ng L−1 patulin (PAT). (B) Nyquist plots of a 1 mM [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− probe in PBS, pH 7.4.
