Table 4.
Summary of human studies involving bioactive compounds and gut microbiota.
| References | Study Design, Sample, Follow-up | Intervention | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clavel et al. (2005) [84] | RCT; 39 postmenopausal women; 1 month | 100 mg/day of isoflavones supplemented in cereal bars and gelified milk | ↑ Lactobacillus-Enterococcus ↑ Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ↑ Bifidobacterium ↔ Atopobium ↔ Bacteroides |
| Queipo-Ortuno et al. (2012) [85] | RCT;10 healthy male volunteers; 20 days | Group 1: de-alcoholized red wine (272 mL/day) Group 2: red wine (272 mL/day) Group 3: gin (100 mL/day) |
Group 1: ↑ Fusobacteria ↓ Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes Group 2: ↑ Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, Prevotella and the B. uniformis. Group 3: ↑ Clostridium and the Clostridium histolyticum; ↓ Prevotella; ↓ CRP; total cholesterol |
| Song et al. (2015) [86] | RCT; 28 obese women; 3 months | 2 pouches in a day, equivalent of 6.7 g dried Schisandra chinensis fruit |
↑ Akkermansia, Roseburia, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium ↓ Ruminococcus ↓ blood glucose, triglycerides |
| Eid et al. (2015) [87] | RCT; 21 healthy volunteers; 21 days | 50 g of palm date | ↔ growth of the faecal microbiota |
| Moreno-Indias et al. (2015) [88] | RCT; 10 metabolic syndrome in obese patients; 1 month | red wine (272 mL per day) or de-alcoholized red wine (272 mL per day) |
Red wine and de-alcoholized red wine: ↓ Clostridium and the Clostridium histolyticum ↑ Blautia coccoides–Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia and Lactobacillus ↓ LPS |
| Janssens et al. (2016) [89] | RCT; 58 Caucasian men and women; 3 months | green tea (>0.56 g/d epigallocatechin-gallate + 0.28*0.45 g/d caffeine) capsules | ↔ growth of the faecal microbiota |
| Li et al. (2015) [75] | RCT; 20 healthy participants; 1 month | 1g of pomegranate extract daily | ↑ Actinobacteria, Butyrivibrio, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Serratia and Veillonella. ↓ Firmicutes and Collinsell |
| Barroso et al. (2017) [90] | RCT; 15 healthy volunteers; 28 days | 250 mL of red wine per day | ↑ Slackia, Gordonibacter, Oscillatoria, Veillonella and Oenococcus |
| Most et al. (2017) [91] | RCT; 37 overweight and obese men and women; 3 months | epigallocatechin-3-gallate (282 mg/day) and resveratrol (80 mg/day) | ↓ Bacteroidetes and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in men ↔ Bacteroidetes and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in women |
| Peterson et al. (2018) [92] | RCT; 14 healthy volunteers; 2 months | Group 1: turmeric tablets contained 1000 mg turmeric root (Curcuma longa) plus 1.25 mg black pepper–derived extract of piperine alkaloid. Group 2: curcumin tablets contained 1000 mg of curcumin (Curcumin C3 Complex) plus 1.25 mg black pepper. |
Group 1: ↑ in observed species 7% (156 vs. 167) ↓ Eisenbergiella tayi; ↑ Alistipes putredinis Group 2: ↑ 69% (127 vs. 215) in detected species ↓ Coprococcus catus; ↑ Raoultella electrica; (Clostridium) xylanolyticum; Collinsella aerofaciens; Kluyvera intermedia |
Abbreviations: RCT: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled; CRP: C-reactive protein; LPS: lipopolysaccharides; ↔: no change; ↑: increase; ↓: decrease.