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. 2019 Feb 27;11(3):496. doi: 10.3390/nu11030496

Table 4.

Summary of human studies involving bioactive compounds and gut microbiota.

References Study Design, Sample, Follow-up Intervention Results
Clavel et al. (2005) [84] RCT; 39 postmenopausal women; 1 month 100 mg/day of isoflavones supplemented in cereal bars and gelified milk ↑ Lactobacillus-Enterococcus
↑ Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
↑ Bifidobacterium
↔ Atopobium
↔ Bacteroides
Queipo-Ortuno et al. (2012) [85] RCT;10 healthy male volunteers; 20 days Group 1: de-alcoholized red wine (272 mL/day)
Group 2: red wine (272 mL/day)
Group 3: gin (100 mL/day)
Group 1: ↑ Fusobacteria
↓ Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes
Group 2: ↑ Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, Prevotella and the B. uniformis.
Group 3: ↑ Clostridium and the Clostridium histolyticum; ↓ Prevotella; ↓ CRP; total cholesterol
Song et al. (2015) [86] RCT; 28 obese women; 3 months 2 pouches in a day,
equivalent of 6.7 g dried Schisandra chinensis fruit
Akkermansia, Roseburia, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium
Ruminococcus
↓ blood glucose, triglycerides
Eid et al. (2015) [87] RCT; 21 healthy volunteers; 21 days 50 g of palm date ↔ growth of the faecal microbiota
Moreno-Indias et al. (2015) [88] RCT; 10 metabolic syndrome in obese patients; 1 month red wine (272 mL per day) or de-alcoholized
red wine (272 mL per day)
Red wine and de-alcoholized red wine:
↓ Clostridium and the Clostridium histolyticum
↑ Blautia coccoides–Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia and Lactobacillus
↓ LPS
Janssens et al. (2016) [89] RCT; 58 Caucasian men and women; 3 months green tea (>0.56 g/d epigallocatechin-gallate + 0.28*0.45 g/d caffeine) capsules ↔ growth of the faecal microbiota
Li et al. (2015) [75] RCT; 20 healthy participants; 1 month 1g of pomegranate extract daily ↑ Actinobacteria, Butyrivibrio, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Serratia and Veillonella.
↓ Firmicutes and Collinsell
Barroso et al. (2017) [90] RCT; 15 healthy volunteers; 28 days 250 mL of red wine per day ↑ Slackia, Gordonibacter, Oscillatoria, Veillonella and Oenococcus
Most et al. (2017) [91] RCT; 37 overweight and obese men and women; 3 months epigallocatechin-3-gallate (282 mg/day) and resveratrol (80 mg/day) ↓ Bacteroidetes and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in men
↔ Bacteroidetes and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in women
Peterson et al. (2018) [92] RCT; 14 healthy volunteers; 2 months Group 1: turmeric tablets contained 1000 mg turmeric root (Curcuma longa) plus 1.25 mg black pepper–derived extract of piperine alkaloid.
Group 2: curcumin tablets contained 1000 mg of curcumin (Curcumin C3 Complex) plus 1.25 mg black pepper.
Group 1: ↑ in observed species 7% (156 vs. 167)
↓ Eisenbergiella tayi; ↑ Alistipes putredinis
Group 2: ↑ 69% (127 vs. 215) in detected species
↓ Coprococcus catus; ↑ Raoultella electrica; (Clostridium) xylanolyticum; Collinsella aerofaciens; Kluyvera intermedia

Abbreviations: RCT: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled; CRP: C-reactive protein; LPS: lipopolysaccharides; ↔: no change; ↑: increase; ↓: decrease.