Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants according to sex.
| Women (n = 65) | Men (n = 78) | Total (n = 143) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) a | 72.5 | ± 4.8 | 73.8 | ± 5.6 | 73.2 | ± 5.3 | |||
| ≥75 years b | 22 | (33.8) | 31 | (39.7) | 53 | (37.0) | |||
| Body height (cm) | 150 | ± 5.1 | 164 | ± 5.4 | 158 | ± 5.3 | |||
| Body weight (kg) | 51.1 | ± 7.6 | 61.9 | ± 8.8 | 57.0 | ± 8.3 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) a,c | 22.6 | ± 3.5 | 22.9 | ± 2.9 | 22.8 | ± 3.2 | |||
| <18.5 b | 7 | (10.8) | 6 | (7.7) | 13 | (9.1) | |||
| 18.6–24.9 | 42 | (64.6) | 49 | (62.8) | 91 | (63.6) | |||
| ≥25.0 | 16 | (24.6) | 23 | (29.5) | 39 | (27.3) | |||
| Change in body weight in past 3 month b,d | |||||||||
| No change | 46 | (70.8) | 53 | (67.9) | 99 | (69.2) | |||
| Socioeconomic status b,e | |||||||||
| High | 34 | (52.3) | 41 | (52.5) | 75 | (52.4) | |||
| Low | 29 | (44.6) | 36 | (46.2) | 65 | (45.5) | |||
| Family status b,f | |||||||||
| Single | 11 | (16.9) | 4 | (5.1) | 15 | (10.5) | |||
| Co-habiting | 53 | (81.6) | 74 | (94.9) | 127 | (88.8) | |||
| Appetite b,g | |||||||||
| Good | 62 | (95.4) | 76 | (97.4) | 138 | (96.5) | |||
| Poor | 1 | (1.5) | 2 | (2.6) | 3 | (2.1) | |||
| Swallowing function b,e | |||||||||
| Good | 6 | (9.2) | 4 | (5.1) | 10 | (7.0) | |||
| Poor | 57 | (87.7) | 73 | (93.6) | 130 | (90.9) | |||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index. a Continuous values are shown as mean ± standard deviation. b Categorical values are shown as number (percentage). c BMI was calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (kg/m2). d Missing; women (n = 1) and men (n = 1). e Missing; women (n = 2) and men (n = 1). f Missing; women (n = 1). g Missing; women (n = 2).