Table 4.
Skin health parameters across the quartiles of dietary pattern scores by sex †.
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p for Trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | ||
| Male (n = 44) | |||||||||
| DP1 | |||||||||
| Sebum (μg/cm2) | 158.7 | (131.3, 186.0) | 150.3 | (122.5, 178.1) | 138.1 | (110.1, 166.1) | 163.4 | (133.6, 193.3) | 0.946 |
| Skin hydration | 63.5 | (58.1, 69.0) | 63.9 | (58.4, 69.5) | 60.1 | (58.4, 69.5) | 62.8 | (56.8, 68.8) | 0.638 |
| Skin pH | 5.17 | (4.94, 5.41) | 5.31 | (5.07, 5.55) | 5.23 | (4.99, 5.47) | 5.45 | (5.19, 5.70) | 0.178 |
| DP2 | |||||||||
| Sebum (μg/cm2) | 166.1 | (139, 193.3) | 165.4 | (139.6, 191.1) | 129.4 | (103.6, 155.2) | 149.6 | (120.7, 178.5) | 0.161 |
| Skin hydration | 68.3 | (63.2, 73.5) | 64.6 | (59.8, 69.4) | 60.4 | (55.5, 65.2) | 57.1 | (51.7, 62.5) | 0.003 ** |
| Skin pH | 5.14 | (4.90, 5.39) | 5.40 | (5.16, 5.63) | 5.31 | (5.08, 5.55) | 5.31 | (5.05, 5.57) | 0.469 |
| DP3 | |||||||||
| Sebum (μg/cm2) | 157.8 | (130.4, 185.3) | 150.4 | (122.7, 178.1) | 149.7 | (121.9, 177.5) | 152.5 | (124.1, 180.9) | 0.771 |
| Skin hydration | 62.2 | (56.8, 67.7) | 62.5 | (57.0, 67.9) | 63.3 | (57.8, 68.8) | 62.5 | (56.8, 68.1) | 0.898 |
| Skin pH | 5.47 | (5.25, 5.69) | 5.21 | (4.99, 5.43) | 5.36 | (5.14, 5.59) | 5.12 | (4.89, 5.35) | 0.077 |
| DP4 | |||||||||
| Sebum (μg/cm2) | 141.2 | (115, 167.4) | 160.3 | (134.1, 186.6) | 136.0 | (110.1, 161.8) | 173.0 | (146.7, 199.2) | 0.278 |
| Skin hydration | 63.9 | (58.7, 69.2) | 59.3 | (54.1, 64.6) | 61.1 | (55.9, 66.2) | 66.0 | (60.8, 71.3) | 0.504 |
| Skin pH | 5.03 | (4.81, 5.25) | 5.43 | (5.21, 5.65) | 5.34 | (5.12, 5.55) | 5.36 | (5.14, 5.58) | 0.090 |
| Female (n = 40) | |||||||||
| DP1 | |||||||||
| Sebum (μg/cm2) | 132.0 | (107.5, 156.4) | 145.4 | (118.7, 172.2) | 130.2 | (107.7, 152.7) | 138.4 | (108.4, 168.4) | 0.814 |
| Skin hydration | 65.1 | (60.7, 69.4) | 67.7 | (63.0, 72.5) | 64.0 | (60.0, 68.0) | 66.3 | (61.0, 71.7) | 0.863 |
| Skin pH | 5.10 | (4.73, 5.47) | 5.18 | (4.78, 5.59) | 5.28 | (4.94, 5.62) | 5.12 | (4.66, 5.57) | 0.752 |
| DP2 | |||||||||
| Sebum (μg/cm2) | 135.9 | (111.2, 160.6) | 137.9 | (114.4, 161.5) | 131.1 | (108.1, 154.1) | 141.0 | (114.5, 167.6) | 0.935 |
| Skin hydration | 65.2 | (60.8, 69.6) | 64.5 | (60.3, 68.7) | 65.8 | (61.7, 69.9) | 67.6 | (62.8, 72.3) | 0.460 |
| Skin pH | 5.14 | (4.78, 5.51) | 5.33 | (4.98, 5.68) | 5.04 | (4.70, 5.38) | 5.17 | (4.78, 5.56) | 0.772 |
| DP3 | |||||||||
| Sebum (μg/cm2) | 149.9 | (129.7, 170.0) | 148.6 | (128.2, 169.0) | 137.1 | (116.9, 157.3) | 110.4 | (90.0, 130.7) | 0.009 ** |
| Skin hydration | 66.8 | (62.9, 70.8) | 63.5 | (59.6, 67.5) | 68.2 | (64.3, 72.1) | 64.5 | (60.6, 68.5) | 0.753 |
| Skin pH | 5.26 | (4.92, 5.61) | 5.18 | (4.83, 5.53) | 5.10 | (4.76, 5.45) | 5.13 | (4.78, 5.48) | 0.537 |
| DP4 | |||||||||
| Sebum (μg/cm2) | 121.1 | (100.5, 141.7) | 136.7 | (116.1, 157.4) | 125.9 | (106.7, 145.1) | 162.2 | (141.9, 182.4) | 0.026 * |
| Skin hydration | 67.1 | (63.0, 71.2) | 67.6 | (63.5, 71.8) | 64.8 | (60.9, 68.6) | 63.6 | (59.6, 67.6) | 0.143 |
| Skin pH | 5.22 | (4.88, 5.55) | 4.87 | (4.53, 5.20) | 5.25 | (4.94, 5.56) | 5.35 | (5.02, 5.67) | 0.309 |
DP, dietary pattern; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; † Analysis of covariance was performed with a linear trend test across quartiles of dietary pattern scores (Q1–Q4) adjusting for energy intake, age, body mass index, smoking and physical activity.