Table 1.
Characteristics of women becoming pregnant by study outcome (n = 329).
| Variable a | Live Births (n = 196) | Losses (n = 92) |
Withdrew/Lost to Follow-up (n = 41) | Total (n = 329) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Live Birth Vs. Loss |
Live Birth + loss vs. Withdrew/Lost to Follow up | |||||
| Age (years) n (%) | 0.06 | 0.006 | ||||
| 29 or less | 102 (52.0%) | 46 (50.0%) | 30 (73.2%) | 178 (54.1%) | ||
| 30–34 | 78 (39.8%) | 30 (32.6%) | 5 (12.2%) | 113 (34.3%) | ||
| 35 or more | 16 (8.2%) | 16 (17.4%) | 6 (14.6%) | 38 (11.6%) | ||
| Race/ethnicity n (%) | 0.70 | 0.60 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 161 (83.0%) | 77 (84.6%) | 37 (90.2%) | 275 (84.4%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 3 (1.5%) | 3 (3.3%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (1.8%) | ||
| Hispanic | 17 (8.8%) | 6 (6.6%) | 3 (7.3%) | 26 (8.0%) | ||
| Other | 13 (6.7%) | 5 (5.5%) | 1 (2.4%) | 19 (5.8%) | ||
| Education n (%) | 0.65 | 0.06 | ||||
| High school or less | 8 (4.1%) | 6 (6.6%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (4.3%) | ||
| Some college or technical school | 26 (13.4%) | 11 (12.1%) | 10 (25.0%) | 47 (14.5%) | ||
| College graduate or higher | 160 (82.5%) | 74 (81.3%) | 30 (75.0%) | 264 (81.2%) | ||
| Household income n (%) | 0.16 | 0.67 | ||||
| Less than $29,999 | 3 (1.6%) | 5 (5.6%) | 1 (2.4%) | 9 (2.8%) | ||
| $30,000–$49,999 | 23 (12.0%) | 6 (6.7%) | 3 (7.3%) | 32 (10.0%) | ||
| $50,000–$69,999 | 24 (12.6%) | 12 (13.5%) | 8 (19.5%) | 44 (13.7%) | ||
| At least $70,000 | 3 (1.6%) | 5 (5.6%) | 1 (2.4%) | 9 (2.8%) | ||
| Body mass index n (%) | 0.59 | 0.79 | ||||
| Less than 20 | 4 (2.0%) | 2 (2.2%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (1.8%) | ||
| 20 to 24.9 | 97 (49.5%) | 41 (44.6%) | 21 (51.2%) | 159 (48.3%) | ||
| 25 to 29.9 | 52 (26.5%) | 22 (23.9%) | 11 (26.8%) | 85 (25.8%) | ||
| 30 or greater | 43 (21.9%) | 27 (29.3%) | 9 (22.0%) | 79 (24.0%) | ||
| Previous pregnancy losses n (%) | 0.94 | 0.47 | ||||
| Never pregnant | 77 (39.3%) | 36 (39.6%) | 15 (37.5%) | 128 (39.1%) | ||
| At least 1 loss | 13 (6.6%) | 7 (7.7%) | 5 (12.5%) | 25 (7.6%) | ||
| Prior pregnancy, no previous losses | 106 (54.1%) | 48 (52.7%) | 20 (50.0%) | 174 (53.2%) | ||
| Smoking n (%) | 0.43 | 0.56 | ||||
| None | 182 (92.9%) | 85 (92.4%) | 39 (95.1%) | 306 (93.0%) | ||
| Moderate (at least one episode of 1–9 cigarettes per day) | 10 (5.1%) | 3 (3.3%) | 2 (4.9%) | 15 (4.6%) | ||
| Heavy (at least one episode of 10 or more cigarettes per day) | 4 (2.0%) | 4 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (2.4%) | ||
| Alcohol consumption n (%) | 0.35 | 0.04 | ||||
| Non-drinker | 61 (31.1%) | 27 (29.3%) | 17 (42.5%) | 105 (32.0%) | ||
| Occasional drinker (1–16 drinks per month) | 100 (51.0%) | 54 (58.7%) | 13 (32.5%) | 167 (50.9%) | ||
| Drinker (17 or more drinks per month) | 35 (17.9%) | 11 (12.0%) | 10 (25.0%) | 56 (17.1%) | ||
| Caffeine intake n (%) | 0.09 | 0.31 | ||||
| None | 84 (42.9%) | 34 (37.0%) | 17 (42.5%) | 135 (41.2%) | ||
| Moderate (1 cup per day) |
75 (38.3%) | 30 (32.6%) | 18 (45.0%) | 123 (37.5%) | ||
| Heavy (2 or more cups per day) |
37 (18.9%) | 28 (30.4%) | 5 (12.5%) | 70 (21.3%) | ||
a Missing values were excluded.