| AFM | atomic force microscopy |
| BSA | Bovine Serum Albumin |
| CE | counter electrode |
| CPE | constant phase element |
| CV | cyclic voltammetry |
| EEC | Electrical Equivalent Circuit |
| EIS | electrochemical impedance spectroscopy |
| ELISA | Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay |
| IEC | integrated electrochemical cell |
| LTCC | Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic |
| PBS | Phosphate Buffered Saline |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| RE | reference electrode |
| SEM | scanning electron microscope |
| TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
| WE | working electrode |